Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011–2012. JAMA. 2014;311(8):806–14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital signs: obesity among low-income, preschool-aged children--United States, 2008–2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62(31):629–34.
Google Scholar
Ben-Shlomo Y, Kuh D. A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31(2):285–93.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hawkins SS, Oken E, Gillman MW. Early in the life course: time for obesity prevention. In: Halfon N, Forrest C, Lerner R, Faustman EM, editors. Handbook of life course health development science. New York: Springer; 2015.
Google Scholar
Oken E, Levitan EB, Gillman MW. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes. 2008;32(2):201–10.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Weng SF, Redsell SA, Swift JA, Yang M, Glazebrook CP. Systematic review and meta-analyses of risk factors for childhood overweight identifiable during infancy. Arch Dis Child. 2012;97(12):1019–26.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ino T. A meta-analysis of association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring obesity. Pediatr Int. 2010;52(1):94–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lau EY, Liu J, Archer E, McDonald SM, Liu J. Maternal weight gain in pregnancy and risk of obesity among offspring: a systematic review. J Obes. 2014;2014:524939.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mamun AA, Mannan M, Doi SA. Gestational weight gain in relation to offspring obesity over the life course: a systematic review and bias-adjusted meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2014;15(4):338–47.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nehring I, Lehmann S, von Kries R. Gestational weight gain in accordance to the IOM/NRC criteria and the risk for childhood overweight: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Obes. 2013;8(3):218–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim SY, England JL, Sharma JA, Njoroge T. Gestational diabetes mellitus and risk of childhood overweight and obesity in offspring: a systematic review. Exp Diabetes Res. 2011;2011:541308.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Monteiro PO, Victora CG. Rapid growth in infancy and childhood and obesity in later life--a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2005;6(2):143–54.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baird J, Fisher D, Lucas P, Kleijnen J, Roberts H, Law C. Being big or growing fast: systematic review of size and growth in infancy and later obesity. BMJ. 2005;331(7522):929.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Arenz S, Ruckerl R, Koletzko B, von Kries R. Breast-feeding and childhood obesity--a systematic review. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28(10):1247–56.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Harder T, Bergmann R, Kallischnigg G, Plagemann A. Duration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight: a meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162(5):397–403.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Owen CG, Martin RM, Whincup PH, Smith GD, Cook DG. Effect of infant feeding on the risk of obesity across the life course: a quantitative review of published evidence. Pediatrics. 2005;115(5):1367–77.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yan J, Liu L, Zhu Y, Huang G, Wang PP. The association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:1267.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Li HT, Zhou YB, Liu JM. The impact of cesarean section on offspring overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes. 2013;37(7):893–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Darmasseelane K, Hyde MJ, Santhakumaran S, Gale C, Modi N. Mode of delivery and offspring body mass index, overweight and obesity in adult life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e87896.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bailey LC, Forrest CB, Zhang P, Richards TM, Livshits A, DeRusso PA. Association of antibiotics in infancy with early childhood obesity. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(11):1063–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Saari A, Virta LJ, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L, Saxen H. Antibiotic exposure in infancy and risk of being overweight in the first 24 months of life. Pediatrics. 2015;135(4):617–26.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grow HM, Cook AJ, Arterburn DE, Saelens BE, Drewnowski A, Lozano P. Child obesity associated with social disadvantage of children’s neighborhoods. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(3):584–91.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fiechtner L, Block J, Duncan DT, Gillman MW, Gortmaker SL, Melly SJ, et al. Proximity to supermarkets associated with higher body mass index among overweight and obese preschool-age children. Prev Med. 2013;56(3–4):218–21.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lovasi GS, Schwartz-Soicher O, Quinn JW, Berger DK, Neckerman KM, Jaslow R, et al. Neighborhood safety and green space as predictors of obesity among preschool children from low-income families in New York City. Prev Med. 2013;57(3):189–93.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Carroll-Scott A, Gilstad-Hayden K, Rosenthal L, Peters SM, McCaslin C, Joyce R, et al. Disentangling neighborhood contextual associations with child body mass index, diet, and physical activity: the role of built, socioeconomic, and social environments. Soc Sci Med. 2013;95:106–14.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Papas MA, Alberg AJ, Ewing R, Helzlsouer KJ, Gary TL, Klassen AC. The built environment and obesity. Epidemiol Rev. 2007;29:129–43.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dunton GF, Kaplan J, Wolch J, Jerrett M, Reynolds KD. Physical environmental correlates of childhood obesity: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2009;10(4):393–402.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lovasi GS, Hutson MA, Guerra M, Neckerman KM. Built environments and obesity in disadvantaged populations. Epidemiol Rev. 2009;31:7–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rossen LM. Neighbourhood economic deprivation explains racial/ethnic disparities in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in the USA. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2014;68(2):123–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Powell LM, Wada R, Krauss RC, Wang Y. Ethnic disparities in adolescent body mass index in the United States: the role of parental socioeconomic status and economic contextual factors. Soc Sci Med. 2012;75(3):469–76.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kimbro RT, Denney JT. Neighborhood context and racial/ethnic differences in young children’s obesity: structural barriers to interventions. Soc Sci Med. 2013;95:97–105.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brion MJ. Commentary: Assessing the impact of breastfeeding on child health: where conventional methods alone fall short for reliably establishing causal inference. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(1):306–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Knopik VS. Commentary: Smoking during pregnancy--genes and environment weigh in. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(5):1203–5.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gillman MW, Rifas-Shiman SL, Berkey CS, Frazier AL, Rockett HR, Camargo Jr CA, et al. Breast-feeding and overweight in adolescence: within-family analysis [corrected]. Epidemiology. 2006;17(1):112–4.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Iliadou AN, Koupil I, Villamor E, Altman D, Hultman C, Langstrom N, et al. Familial factors confound the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and young adult offspring overweight. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(5):1193–202.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gilman SE, Gardener H, Buka SL. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and children’s cognitive and physical development: a causal risk factor? Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168(5):522–31.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Metzger MW, McDade TW. Breastfeeding as obesity prevention in the United States: a sibling difference model. Am J Hum Biol. 2010;22(3):291–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
O’Tierney PF, Barker DJ, Osmond C, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG. Duration of breast-feeding and adiposity in adult life. J Nutr. 2009;139(2):422S–5S.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nelson MC, Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS. Are adolescents who were breast-fed less likely to be overweight? Analyses of sibling pairs to reduce confounding. Epidemiology. 2005;16(2):247–53.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lawlor DA, Lichtenstein P, Langstrom N. Association of maternal diabetes mellitus in pregnancy with offspring adiposity into early adulthood: sibling study in a prospective cohort of 280,866 men from 248,293 families. Circulation. 2011;123(3):258–65.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lawlor DA, Lichtenstein P, Fraser A, Langstrom N. Does maternal weight gain in pregnancy have long-term effects on offspring adiposity? A sibling study in a prospective cohort of 146,894 men from 136,050 families. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94(1):142–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Branum AM, Parker JD, Keim SA, Schempf AH. Prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain in relation to child body mass index among siblings. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174(10):1159–65.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Colen CG, Ramey DM. Is breast truly best? Estimating the effects of breastfeeding on long-term child health and wellbeing in the United States using sibling comparisons. Soc Sci Med. 2014;109:55–65.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dabelea D, Hanson RL, Lindsay RS, Pettitt DJ, Imperatore G, Gabir MM, et al. Intrauterine exposure to diabetes conveys risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity: a study of discordant sibships. Diabetes. 2000;49(12):2208–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fraser A, Macdonald-Wallis C, Tilling K, Boyd A, Golding J, Davey Smith G, et al. Cohort Profile: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: ALSPAC mothers cohort. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(1):97–110.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Oken E, Baccarelli AA, Gold DR, Kleinman KP, Litonjua AA, De Meo D, et al. Cohort profile: project viva. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(1):37–48.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wen X, Kleinman K, Gillman MW, Rifas-Shiman SL, Taveras EM. Childhood body mass index trajectories: modeling, characterizing, pairwise correlations and socio-demographic predictors of trajectory characteristics. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2012;12:38.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kim J, Peterson KE, Scanlon KS, Fitzmaurice GM, Must A, Oken E, et al. Trends in overweight from 1980 through 2001 among preschool-aged children enrolled in a health maintenance organization. Obesity. 2006;14(7):1107–12.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taveras EM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Sherry B, Oken E, Haines J, Kleinman K, et al. Crossing growth percentiles in infancy and risk of obesity in childhood. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165(11):993–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hazlehurst B, Sittig DF, Stevens VJ, Smith KS, Hollis JF, Vogt TM, et al. Natural language processing in the electronic medical record: assessing clinician adherence to tobacco treatment guidelines. Am J Prev Med. 2005;29(5):434–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Friedman C, Shagina L, Lussier Y, Hripcsak G. Automated encoding of clinical documents based on natural language processing. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2004;11(5):392–402.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rifas-Shiman SL, Rich-Edwards JW, Scanlon KS, Kleinman KP, Gillman MW. Misdiagnosis of overweight and underweight children younger than 2 years of age due to length measurement bias. Med Gen Med. 2005;7(4):56.
Google Scholar
Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, et al. 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat 11. 2002;(246):1–190
Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, Falkner BE, Graves J, Hill MN, et al. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals: Part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: a statement for professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension. 2005;45(1):142–61.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004;114(2 Suppl 4th Report):555–76.
Article
Google Scholar
Hawkins SS, Torres B, May GS, Cohen BB. Setting the standards for collecting ethnicity data in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2011;17(6):550–3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Massachusetts Births 2008. Boston: Massachusetts Department of Public Health; 2010.
Google Scholar
Rifas-Shiman SL, Hawkins SS, Kleinman K, Gillman MW, Taveras EM. Delivery by caesarean section and BMI-z at age 5 years: within-family analysis. Los Angeles: The Obesity Society; 2015.
Google Scholar
Hawkins SS, Rifas-Shiman SL, Baum CF, Gillman MW, Taveras EM. Using a sibling design to examine the association of breastfeeding with early childhood obesity. Miami: Epidemiology Congress of the Americas; 2016.
Google Scholar
Rifas-Shiman S, Hawkins SS, Gillman MW, Taveras EM. Smoking during pregnancy and BMI-z at age 5 years: within-family analysis. Miami: Epidemiology Congress of the Americas; 2016.
Google Scholar
Allen AM, Dietz PM, Tong VT, England L, Prince CB. Prenatal smoking prevalence ascertained from two population-based data sources: birth certificates and PRAMS questionnaires, 2004. Public Health Rep. 2008;123(5):586–92.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Navidi T, Chaudhuri J, Merewood A. Accuracy of breastfeeding data on the Massachusetts birth certificate. J Hum Lact. 2009;25(2):151–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bodnar LM, Abrams B, Bertolet M, Gernand AD, Parisi SM, Himes KP, et al. Validity of birth certificate-derived maternal weight data. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2014;28(3):203–12.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wright CS, Weiner M, Localio R, Song L, Chen P, Rubin D. Misreport of gestational weight gain (GWG) in birth certificate data. Matern Child Health J. 2012;16(1):197–202.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Key features of the Affordable Care Act by year. http://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/facts/timeline/timeline-text.html. Accessed 6 March 2015.
EuroReach Health Data Navigator: Data linkage. http://www.healthdatanavigator.eu/data-management/data-linkage. Accessed 6 March 2015.
Hillier TA, Pedula KL, Schmidt MM, Mullen JA, Charles MA, Pettitt DJ. Childhood obesity and metabolic imprinting: the ongoing effects of maternal hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(9):2287–92.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Angier H, Gold R, Crawford C, P O’Malley J, J Tillotson C, Marino M, et al. Linkage methods for connecting children with parents in electronic health record and state public health insurance data. Matern Child Health J. 2014;18(9):2025–33.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Heerman WJ, Bian A, Shintani A, Barkin SL. Interaction between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain shapes infant growth. Acad Pediatr. 2014;14(5):463–70.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
OECD. Strengthening health information infrastructure for health care quality governance: Good practices, new opportunities and data privacy protection challenges. Paris: OECD Health Policy Studies, OECD Publishing; 2013.
Book
Google Scholar
Baker JL, Sorensen TI. Obesity research based on the Copenhagen School Health Records Register. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7 Suppl):196–200.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Olsen SF, Birgisdottir BE, Halldorsson TI, Brantsaeter AL, Haugen M, Torjusen H, et al. Possibilities and considerations when merging dietary data from the world’s two largest pregnancy cohorts: the Danish National Birth Cohort and the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2014;93(11):1131–40.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar