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  1. The overwhelming majority of United Arab Emirates (UAE) school-aged children do not meet the 60 min per day recommendation of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Understanding the different school d...

    Authors: Rahma Ajja, Ludmilla F. Wikkeling-Scott, Keith Brazendale, Rafiq Hijazi and Abdishakur Abdulle

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:182

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. Early diagnostic indicators and the identification of possible progression to severe or critical COVID-19 in children are unknown. To investigate the immune characteristics of early SARS-CoV-2 infection in chi...

    Authors: Wenjie Lu, Li Yang, Xiong Li, Ming Sun, Aiping Zhang, Shanshan Qi, Zhi Chen, Lannan Zhang, Jianxin Li and Hao Xiong

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:181

    Content type: Research Article

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  3. Diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviours, and sleep time are considered major contributory factors of the increased prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. The aims of this study were to (1) ident...

    Authors: Molly Mattsson, Deirdre M. Murray, Mairead Kiely, Fergus P. McCarthy, Elaine McCarthy, Regien Biesma and Fiona Boland

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:180

    Content type: Research article

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  4. The aim of this study was to characterize patients who ingested multiple rare-earth magnets, reveal the harm of rare-earth magnet foreign bodies in the digestive tract, and develop a clinical management algori...

    Authors: Yucan Zheng, Zhihua Zhang, Kunlong Yan, Hongmei Guo, Mei Li, Min Lian and Zhifeng Liu

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:179

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by varying severity in attention deficit and hyperactivity. Studies have shown deficiencies in the serum level ...

    Authors: Mostafa Hemamy, Naseh Pahlavani, Alireza Amanollahi, Sheikh Mohammed Shriful Islam, Jenna McVicar, Gholamreza Askari and Mahsa Malekahmadi

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:178

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Dental procedures under general anesthesia (DGA) was found to improve the oral health-related quality of children’s life. However, some parents and pediatricians expressed concern about the neurotoxicity of ge...

    Authors: Pinping Zhou, Chao Zhang, Guijin Huang, Yuan Hu, Wenzhu Ma and Cong Yu

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:177

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Malnutrition is still a global public health problem contributing for under-five morbidity and mortality. The case is similar in Ethiopia in which severe acute malnutrition is the major contributor to mortalit...

    Authors: Amare Kassaw, Desalegne Amare, Minyichil Birhanu, Aragaw Tesfaw, Shegaw Zeleke, Getachew Arage and Demewoz Kefale

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:176

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type IXb is one of the rare variants of GSDs. It is a genetically heterogeneous metabolic disorder due to deficient hepatic phosphorylase kinase activity. Diagnosis of GSD can be...

    Authors: Zahra Beyzaei, Fatih Ezgu, Bita Geramizadeh, Alireza Alborzi and Alireza Shojazadeh

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:175

    Content type: Case report

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  11. Pediatric patients present to Emergency Departments (EDs) with a variety of medical conditions. An appreciation of the common presenting conditions can aid EDs in the provision of pediatric emergency care. In ...

    Authors: Shuen Yin Celine Yoong, Peck Har Ang, Shu-Ling Chong, Yong-Kwang Gene Ong, Nur Diana Bte Zakaria, Khai Pin Lee and Jen Heng Pek

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:172

    Content type: Research article

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  12. A family-centered care (FCC) parent participation program that ensures an infant is not separated from parents against their will was developed for the caring of their small or sick newborn at a neonatal inten...

    Authors: Arti Maria, James A. Litch, Maria Stepanchak, Enisha Sarin, Rashmi Wadhwa and Harish Kumar

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:171

    Content type: Research article

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  13. The aim of the present study was to summarize the clinical characteristics of in children aged under 3 years and analyze the related factors affecting the prognosis.

    Authors: Tian Zhi, Wei-Ling Zhang, Yi Zhang, Hui-Min Hu and Dong-Sheng Huang

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:170

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Preterm infants are at risk for functional impairments in motor, cognitive, and behavioral development that may persist into childhood. The aim of this study was to determine the co-occurrence of cognitive imp...

    Authors: Elise Roze, Sijmen A. Reijneveld, Roy E. Stewart and Arend F. Bos

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:169

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Community misperception on newborn care and poor treatment of sick newborn attributes to neonatal death and illness severity. Misperceptions and malpractices regarding neonatal care and neonatal complications ...

    Authors: Abu Sayeed Md. Abdullah, Koustuv Dalal, Masuma Yasmin, Gainel Ussatayeva, Abdul Halim and Animesh Biswas

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:168

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Human milk is recommended for very preterm infants, but its variable macronutrient content may contribute to undernutrition during a critical period in development. We hypothesize that individually targeted hu...

    Authors: Mandy B. Belfort, Lianne J. Woodward, Sara Cherkerzian, Hunter Pepin, Deirdre Ellard, Tina Steele, Christoph Fusch, P. Ellen Grant and Terrie E. Inder

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:167

    Content type: Study protocol

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  17. Between 2014 and 2016, Brazil experienced a severe shortage in penicillin supply, resulting in a lack of treatment among some pregnant women and newborns with syphilis and the use of non-evidence-based regimen...

    Authors: Ana Fátima Braga Rocha, Maria Alix Leite Araújo, Melanie M. Taylor, Edna O. Kara and Nathalie Jeanne Nicole Broutet

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:166

    Content type: Research article

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  18. To describe the pattern of comorbidities in school-aged children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to identify which, if any, were associated with poor school attendance.

    Authors: Roseline E. Duke, Chimaeze Torty, Uche Okorie, Min J. Kim, Nnena Eneli, Ukam Edadi, Kathryn Burton, Cally Tann and Richard Bowman

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:165

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Homelessness is associated with health problems and with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The risk of chronic health conditions for homeless compared to housed youth, and how this risk interacts with ACEs...

    Authors: Andrew J. Barnes, Amy L. Gower, Mollika Sajady and Katherine A. Lingras

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:164

    Content type: Research article

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  20. The first 1000 days of life are a critical period when the foundations of child development and growth are established. Few studies in Latin America have examined the relationship of birth outcomes and neonata...

    Authors: Hermano A. L. Rocha, Christopher R. Sudfeld, Álvaro J. M. Leite, Márcia M. T. Machado, Sabrina G. M. O. Rocha, Jocileide S. Campos, Anamaria C. e Silva and Luciano L. Correia

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:163

    Content type: Research article

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  21. The implementation of early intervention (EI) in medical settings is time-consuming and resource-intensive, which limits its extensive use. In 2018, the Chinese Eugenics Association developed a home-based, pos...

    Authors: Juan Fan, Jianhui Wang, Xianhong Zhang, Ruiyun He, Shasha He, Mei Yang, Yujie Shen, Xiaojun Tao, Mei Zhou, Xiong Gao and Lijun Hu

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:162

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma is a very rare disease typically presents as skin lesions with yellow papules or nodules and is sometimes fatal. We report a case of congenital neonatal systemic juvenile xant...

    Authors: Yohji Uehara, Yuka Sano Wada, Yuka Iwasaki, Kota Yoneda, Yasuhisa Ikuta, Shoichiro Amari, Hidehiko Maruyama, Keiko Tsukamoto, Tetsuya Isayama, Kenichi Sakamoto, Yoko Shioda, Osamu Miyazaki, Rie Irie, Takako Yoshioka, Naoko Mochimaru, Kazue Yoshida…

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:161

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  23. To synthesise the qualitative evidence on parents’ experiences of caring for a child aged ≤8 years with type 1 diabetes to identify: the challenges they encounter; their views about support received; ways in w...

    Authors: B. Kimbell, J. Lawton, C. Boughton, R. Hovorka and D. Rankin

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:160

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Lipoblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm of infancy that most commonly occurs on the extremities and trunk but can arise at variable sites of the body. Retroperitoneal lipoblastomas are particularly ...

    Authors: Elena Gerhard-Hartmann, Verena Wiegering, Clemens Benoit, Thomas Meyer, Andreas Rosenwald, Katja Maurus and Karen Ernestus

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:159

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  25. Weight for length z-score (WLZ) < − 3 is currently used to define severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among infants. However, this approach has important limitations for infants younger than 6 months of age as WLZ...

    Authors: Ranadip Chowdhury, Nitika, Tarun Shankar Choudhary, Sunita Taneja, Jose Martines, Nita Bhandari and Rajiv Bahl

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:158

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Kawasaki disease (KD) is a form of systemic febrile vasculitis that is complicated with coronary artery lesions (CAL). The tight junctions that maintain the intestinal barrier also play a role in systemic infl...

    Authors: Wan-Tz Lai, Hung-Chang Lee, Ying-Hsien Huang, Mao-Hung Lo and Ho-Chang Kuo

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:157

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  28. The global public health problem of diarrhea is most prevalent in developing countries including Ethiopia, especially among children under two years of age. Limited information on the determinants of diarrhea ...

    Authors: Alemwork Baye, Metadel Adane, Tadesse Sisay and Habtamu Shimels Hailemeskel

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:155

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is one of the most prevalent autosomal recessive inherited disease in Caucasians. Rates of CF were thought to be negligible in non-Caucasians but growing epidemiological evidence shows CF ...

    Authors: Bennett O. V. Shum, Glenn Bennett, Akash Navilebasappa and R. Kishore Kumar

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:154

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  30. Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder characterized by the absence of intramural ganglion cells in the distal gastrointestinal tract (GI), which results in tonic contraction of the aganglionic g...

    Authors: Jing Wang, Jun Xiao, Xinyao Meng, Xufeng Chu, Di Di Zhuansun, Bo Xiong and Jiexiong Feng

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:153

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  31. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common devastating inflammatory gastrointestinal disease and frequently occurs in premature infants. Here, we reported a case of late-onset NEC in a term neonate with good ...

    Authors: Gunadi, Dian Nirmala Sirait, Aditya Rifqi Fauzi, Ninditya Nugroho, Fadil Fahri, William Widitjiarso, Kristy Iskandar and Nurnaningsih

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:152

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  32. Even though antiretroviral therapy access for HIV infected children increased dramatically, anemia have been continued as a challenge regardless of a cluster of differentiation (CD4) count and viral load. Henc...

    Authors: Ermias Sisay Chanie, Dejen Getanh Feleke, Sintayehu Asnakew, Fisha Alebel GebreEyesus, Aragaw Tesfaw, Wubet Alebachew Bayih, Agimasie Tigabu, Yared Asmare Anyalem, Abraham Tsedalu Amare, Demeke Mesfin Belay, Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw and Biruk Beletew Abate

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:151

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Prematurity escalates the crisis of the infants a susceptible group of the society. Multiple delivery further intensifies the susceptibility of both family and health system. A comprehensive care is, thus, nec...

    Authors: Tahereh Changiz and Mahboobeh Namnabati

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:150

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. International literature clearly describes factors associated with problematic internet use, including substance dependence, online gambling, social impairment, and functional difficulties. Therefore, it was i...

    Authors: Joseph E. Dib, Chadia Haddad, Hala Sacre, Marwan Akel, Pascale Salameh, Sahar Obeid and Souheil Hallit

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:148

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune systemic disorder triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, which can lead to chronic malabsorption. Considering the changes in the manifestations of CD, ...

    Authors: Zahra Setavand, Maryam Ekramzadeh and Naser Honar

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:147

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. Most white matter diseases present on magnetic resonance imaging as focal or diffuse T2-hyperintensities. However, in a few of them, radially oriented stripes of low (relatively normal) signal intensity are ob...

    Authors: Monika Bekiesinska-Figatowska, Marek Duczkowski, Agnieszka Duczkowska, Joanna Taybert, Amanda Krzywdzinska and Jolanta Sykut-Cegielska

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:146

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  38. Early discharge of preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is at times inevitable in low resource settings. The implication of such practice on the growth of this high-risk population is not known. We con...

    Authors: Yaser Abdallah, Flavia Namiiro, Jolly Nankunda, Jamiru Mugalu and Yvonne Vaucher

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:145

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Emergence of 2019-nCoV attracted global attention and WHO declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern. Therefore we aimed to explore the severity and atypical manifestations of COVID-1...

    Authors: Nagwan Y. Saleh, Hesham M. Aboelghar, Sherif S. Salem, Reda A. Ibrahem, Fatma O. Khalil, Ahmed S. Abdelgawad and Asmaa A. Mahmoud

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:144

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. Low birthweight (LBW) infants are at higher risk of mortality and morbidity (growth, chronic disease and neurological problems) during their life. Due to the high incidence of (pre-) eclampsia in Haiti, LBW in...

    Authors: Marjorie Hilaire, Xanthi D. Andrianou, Annick Lenglet, Cono Ariti, Kessiane Charles, Sonja Buitenhuis, Daan Van Brusselen, Harriet Roggeveen, Elizabeth Ledger, Rodnie Selva Denat and Lindsay Bryson

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:143

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. Multi-sensory behavioral interventions for preterm infants have the potential to accelerate feeding, growth, and optimize developmental trajectories and increase parents’ interactive engagement with their infa...

    Authors: Rosemary White-Traut, Debra Brandon, Karen Kavanaugh, Karen Gralton, Wei Pan, Evan R. Myers, Bree Andrews, Michael Msall and Kathleen F. Norr

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:142

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  42. In the current study, we applied a combination of non-invasive neuromodulation modalities concurrently with multiple stimulating electrodes. Specifically, we used transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS)...

    Authors: Zhenhuan Liu, Shangsheng Dong, Sandra Zhong, Fang Huang, Chuntao Zhang, Yuan Zhou and Haorong Deng

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:141

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. Using effective scolicidal agents intraoperatively is essential to lessen the recurrence rate of hepatic echinococcosis. However, severe hypernatremia may occur after hypertonic saline (HS) has been applied as...

    Authors: Kewei Li, Yijun Liu, Xiaolong Xie, Rongxing Zhou and Bo Xiang

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:140

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. Many HIV-infected African children gained access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) through expansion of PEPFAR programs since 2004 and introduction of “Test and Treat” WHO guidelines in 2015. As ART access inc...

    Authors: Phionah Kibalama Ssemambo, Mary Gorrethy Nalubega-Mboowa, Arthur Owora, Robert Serunjogi, Susan Kironde, Sarah Nakabuye, Francis Ssozi, Maria Nannyonga, Philippa Musoke and Linda Barlow-Mosha

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:139

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. To maximize the benefit of parent-directed, positive sensory exposures in the NICU, a structured sensory-based program titled the Supporting and Enhancing NICU Sensory Experiences (SENSE) program was developed...

    Authors: Roberta Pineda, Jessica Roussin, Jenny Kwon, Elizabeth Heiny, Graham Colditz and Joan Smith

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:137

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. In high tuberculosis (TB) burden settings, there is growing evidence that TB is common in children with pneumonia, the leading cause of death in children under 5 years worldwide. The current WHO standard of ca...

    Authors: Aurélia Vessière, Hélène Font, Delphine Gabillard, Laurence Adonis-Koffi, Laurence Borand, Chishala Chabala, Celso Khosa, Sandra Mavale, Raoul Moh, Veronica Mulenga, Juliet Mwanga-Amumpere, Jean-Voisin Taguebue, Mao Tan Eang, Christophe Delacourt, James A. Seddon, Manon Lounnas…

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:136

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  48. Attention problems and decreased quality of life are frequently accompanied in Cerebral Palsy (CP), which can negatively affect rehabilitation of physical disability. However, the majority of affected children...

    Authors: Bomi Ahn, Yoo-Sook Joung, Jeong-Yi Kwon, Dong Ik Lee, Soohwan Oh, Byoung-Uk Kim, Jung Yoon Cha, Ji-Hae Kim, Ji Young Lee, Hye Yeon Shin and Yun Sik Seo

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:135

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. The prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in children, particularly from Asia, is largely unknown. There are not many studies done in Asia especially using the Rome IV criteria. The aim o...

    Authors: Ying Huang, Serene Yaling Tan, Panam Parikh, Vanitha Buthmanaban, Shaman Rajindrajith and Marc Alexander Benninga

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:131

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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