Articles

Cecal epidermoid cyst: a neonatal case with clinicopathological consideration

Only 10 cases of cecal epidermoid cyst (CEC) have been reported in the literature. Furthermore, its pathogenesis remains unclear. We report a rare case of congenital CEC in neonate, and discuss its clinicopath...

Authors: Joo-Young Na, Soo-Hong Kim and Narae Lee

Rare novel LPL mutations are associated with neonatal onset lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency in two cases

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency is a monogenic lipid metabolism disorder biochemically characterized by hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Neonatal onset LPL deficiency ...

Authors: Yun Qin Wu, Yue Yuan Hu and Gui Nan Li

Acute lower respiratory tract infections and associated factors among under-five children visiting Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia

Lower respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in children younger than 5 years. Even if the burden of lower respiratory infections in children under 5 year...

Authors: Birhanu Wondimeneh Demissie, Esayas Aydiko Amele, Yibeltal Asmamaw Yitayew and Zemen Mengesha Yalew

Cardiometabolic outcomes in children and adolescents with West syndrome

West syndrome is a convulsive disorder of infancy with unique seizures and a characteristic background electroencephalograph pattern. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is effective in spasm cessation, yet met...

Authors: Inbar Gilboa, Galit Israeli, Avivit Brener, Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan, Uri Kramer, Shimrit Uliel-Sibony and Yael Lebenthal

Pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A rarely diagnosed entity in a developing country

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an exaggerated inflammatory reaction secondary to a host’s inadequate immune response causing a self-perpetuating loop of altered regulation. Signs and symptoms of H...

Authors: Daniela Cleves, Viviana Lotero, Diego Medina, Paola M Perez, Jaime A Patiño, Laura Torres-Canchala and Manuela Olaya

Predictive value of early amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) in sleep related problems in children with perinatal hypoxic-ischemia (HIE)

While great attention has been paid to motor and cognitive impairments in children with neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE), sleep related circadian rhythm problems, although commonly present, are o...

Authors: Qiuyan Tian, Yizhi Pan, Zheng Zhang, Mei Li, Li-xiao Xu, Min Gong, Po Miao, Xiaolu Jiang, Xiaofeng Yang, Chen-Xi Feng, Jian Pan, Yun Yu, Bin Sun and Xin Ding

Characteristics of childhood allergic diseases in outpatient and emergency departments in Shanghai, China, 2016–2018: a multicenter, retrospective study

The prevalence of allergic diseases (ADs), such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), is increasing worldwide in both adults and children. Although ADs are common and frequently coexist in outpatient care, cit...

Authors: Yuanyuan Qi, Peng Shi, Renjie Chen, Yufeng Zhou, Lijuan Liu, Jianguo Hong, Lanfang Cao, Yanming Lu, Xiaoyan Dong, Jing Li, Yu Shi, Min Xia, Bo Ding, Liling Qian, Libo Wang, Wenhao Zhou…

The association between birth weight and proxy-reported health-related quality of life among children aged 5 − 10 years old: A linked data analysis

Birth weight has a substantial effect on children’s cognitive development, physical capability, and emotional development, which in turn impact on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Generally, evidence in...

Authors: Tahir Ahmed Hassen, Catherine Chojenta, Nicholas Egan and Deborah Loxton

Can high-flow nasal cannula reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with CPAP in preterm infants? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that affects the premature lung, and to reduce its incidence has been used non-invasive ventilatory support, such as continuous positive airway (CPAP)...

Authors: Sabrina de Jesus Brito, Sabrina Pinheiro Tsopanoglou, Endi Lanza Galvão, Franciele Angelo de Deus and Vanessa Pereira de Lima

Prediction of repeated intravenous immunoglobulin resistance in children with Kawasaki disease

Repeated intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance prediction is one of the pivotal topics in Kawasaki disease (KD). Those non-responders of repeated IVIG treatment might be improved by an early-intensified...

Authors: Yaheng Lu, Tingting Chen, Yizhou Wen, Feifei Si, Xindan Wu and Yanfeng Yang

Case Report:clinical experience of bilateral giant pediatric Testicular adrenal rest tumors with 3 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-2 family history

We reported a patient with Testicular adrenal rest tumors(TARTs) caused by congenital adrenal hyperplasia(CAH). TARTs occur frequently in CAH population with 21-hydroxylase deficiency(21-OHD). There are few re...

Authors: Lingyun Yu, Pengyu Chen, Wenbin Zhu, Junjie Sun and Shoulin Li

A prospective investigation of developmental trajectories of psychosocial adjustment in adolescents facing a chronic condition - study protocol of an observational, multi-center study

Relatively little is known about protective factors and the emergence and maintenance of positive outcomes in the field of adolescents with chronic conditions. Therefore, the primary aim of the study is to acq...

Authors: Petra Warschburger, Ann-Christin Petersen, Roman E. von Rezori, Friederike Buchallik, Harald Baumeister, Reinhard W. Holl, Kirsten Minden, Annabel S. Müller-Stierlin, Christina Reinauer and Doris Staab

The first 1000 symptomatic pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections in an integrated health care system: a prospective cohort study

The spectrum of illness and predictors of severity among children with SARS-CoV-2 infection are incompletely understood.

Authors: Leigh M. Howard, Kathryn Garguilo, Jessica Gillon, Kerry LeBlanc, Adam C. Seegmiller, Jonathan E. Schmitz, Daniel W. Byrne, Henry J. Domenico, Ryan P. Moore, Steven A. Webber, Natasha B. Halasa and Ritu Banerjee

A randomized EPIREMED protocol study on the long-term visuo spatial effects of very preterm children with a working memory deficit

Very preterm children generally perform poorly in executive functions and particularly in working memory. Adaptive training tasks encouraging these children to work continuously on their personal working memor...

Authors: Catherine Gire, Any Beltran Anzola, Monique Kaminski, Karine Baumstarck, Pierre-Yves Ancel and Julie Berbis

Pediatric emergency department visits due to child abuse and neglect following COVID-19 public health emergency declaration in the Southeastern United States

The ongoing worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has heightened several risk factors  for child abuse and neglect (CAN). We study whether COVID-19 and the public health response to it affected CAN-related pediatric eme...

Authors: Lindsey Rose Bullinger, Angela Boy, Stephen Messner and Shannon Self-Brown

Management and short-term outcomes of neonates born to mothers with active perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection

We report here on the management and outcomes of neonates born to mothers with active perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Authors: Vineet Lamba, Joan Lien, Jay Desai and Ajay J. Talati

Altered B cell compartment associated with Tfh cells in children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

IgA-producing B cells have been found to be associated with children diagnosed with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP). The aim of the present study was to determine whether children with HSP possess altered B-cel...

Authors: Ning Zhang, Ge Tian, Yuanyuan Sun, Jing Pan, Wei Xu and Zhe Li

Dandy-Walker malformation in methylmalonic acidemia: a rare case report

Methylmalonic acidemia is an organic acid metabolism disorder that usually has nonspecific clinical manifestations.

Authors: Jingwei Liu, Zhuohang Liu, Haibo Yan and Yumei Li

Paternal childcare in early childhood and problematic behavior in children: a population-based prospective study in Japan

There have been numerous reports on the effects of paternal childcare on children’s behavioral development. However, little is known about these effects in Asian countries such as Japan, where fathers do not h...

Authors: Manami Ochi and Takeo Fujiwara

Quality of inpatient care of small and sick newborns in Pakistan: perceptions of key stakeholders

In LMICs including Pakistan, neonatal health and survival is a critical challenge, and therefore improving the quality of facility-based newborn care services is instrumental in averting newborn mortality. Thi...

Authors: Nousheen Akber Pradhan, Ammarah Ali, Sana Roujani, Sumera Aziz Ali, Samia Rizwan, Sarah Saleem and Sameen Siddiqi

Feeding the critically ill child in intensive care units: a descriptive qualitative study in two tertiary hospitals in Ghana

Critically ill children require optimum feeding in the intensive care units for speedy recovery. Several factors determine their feeding and the feeding method to adopt to address this phenomenon. The aim of t...

Authors: Alhassan Sibdow Abukari and Angela Kwartemaa Acheampong

A multicenter study of incidence, risk factors and outcomes of babies with birth asphyxia in Nepal

Perinatal events which result in compromised oxygen delivery to the fetus can lead to Birth Asphyxia (BA). While the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of BA have been characterized, less is known in low res...

Authors: Avinash K. Sunny, Prajwal Paudel, Jagannath Tiwari, Bishow Bandhu Bagale, Antti Kukka, Zhou Hong, Uwe Ewald, Sara Berkelhamer and Ashish KC

The diagnostic trajectory in autism and intellectual disability in Quebec: pathways and parents’ perspective

This paper aimed to describe the diagnostic service trajectory of families of children with autism or intellectual disability in the province of Québec and identify predictors of parents’ perceptions of its qu...

Authors: Mélina Rivard, Coulombe Patrick, Catherine Mello, Diane Morin and Marjorie Morin

Endoscopic features for early decision to evaluate superior mesenteric artery syndrome in children

Diagnostic delay of superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is common due to its rarity and lack of index of clinical suspicion. Early diagnosis under suspicion is pivotal for adequate treatment. Present st...

Authors: Jae Young Kim, Myung Seok Shin and Sunho Lee

Leflunomide therapy for IgA vasculitis with nephritis in children

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), also called IgA vasculitis, is a systemic vasculitis characterized by deposits of immunoglobulin A in blood vessels. Renal impairment of these patients is the main determinant o...

Authors: Ling Hou, Zhou Zhang and Yue Du

Screening for language and speech delay in children under five years

We looked at existing recommendations and supporting evidence on the effectiveness of universal screening for language and speech delay in children under 5 years of age for short- and long-term outcomes.

Authors: Sophie Jullien

Supporting recommendations for childhood preventive interventions for primary health care: elaboration of evidence synthesis and lessons learnt

Recommendations to prevent morbidity and mortality in children was a high priority for the editorial group of a WHO pocket book for primary health care in the European region. However, the benefit of preventiv...

Authors: Sophie Jullien, Gottfried Huss and Ralf Weigel

Prophylaxis of caries with fluoride for children under five years

We looked at existing recommendations and supporting evidence on the effectiveness and potential harms of the different fluoride interventions in preventing dental caries in children under 5 years of age.

Authors: Sophie Jullien

Vitamin K prophylaxis in newborns

We looked at existing recommendations and supporting evidence on the effectiveness of vitamin K given after birth in preventing the haemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN).

Authors: Sophie Jullien

Screening for autistic spectrum disorder in early childhood

We looked at existing recommendations and supporting evidence on the effectiveness of screening young children for autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) for improving short- and long-term outcomes.

Authors: Sophie Jullien

Screening of iron deficiency anaemia in early childhood

We looked at existing recommendations and supporting evidence on the effectiveness of universal screening of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in children under five years of age for improving growth, cognitive fu...

Authors: Sophie Jullien

Primary health care for children - evidence for prevention

Authors: Susanne Carai and Martin W. Weber

Sudden infant death syndrome prevention

We looked at existing recommendations and supporting evidence for successful strategies to prevent the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Authors: Sophie Jullien

Vitamin D prophylaxis in infancy

We looked at existing recommendations and supporting evidence on the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in infancy for reducing vitamin D deficiency and for preventing rickets and infections. We also l...

Authors: Sophie Jullien

Prevention of unintentional injuries in children under five years

We looked at existing recommendations for preventing unintentional injuries in children under five years of age, and we attempted to identify the main sources used as evidence for formulating these recommendat...

Authors: Sophie Jullien

Vision screening in newborns and early childhood

We looked at existing recommendations and supporting evidence on the effectiveness of screening for visual disorders in newborns and small infants, and in children between six months and five years of age.

Authors: Sophie Jullien

Newborn pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart defects

We looked at existing recommendations and supporting evidence addressing the effectiveness of pulse oximetry effective for detecting critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) in newborns. We also looked at the...

Authors: Sophie Jullien

Saving babies’ lives (SBL) – a programme to reduce neonatal mortality in rural Cambodia: study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial

Neonatal mortality remains unacceptably high. Many studies successful at reducing neonatal mortality have failed to realise similar gains at scale. Effective implementation and scale-up of interventions design...

Authors: Kaajal Patel, Sopheakneary Say, Daly Leng, Manila Prak, Koung Lo, Mavuto Mukaka, Arthur Riedel and Claudia Turner

Clinical profile of reading ability and reading and writing achievement of children with borderline full-scale intellectual quotient: a prospective study

Poor reading ability is one of the common causes of low academic performance. In previous studies, children with dyslexia were found to demonstrate poor academic achievement due to poor reading ability. Howeve...

Authors: Riyo Ueda, Yoshimi Kaga, Yosuke Kita, Eiji Nakagawa, Takashi Okada and Masumi Inagaki

Effects of the PRIMROSE prevention trial of childhood obesity on parental self-efficacy

Parental self-efficacy (PSE) has been suggested as a key factor for enabling parents to support children in the development of healthy dietary and physical activity behaviors and to prevent childhood obesity. ...

Authors: Nora Döring, Ata Ghaderi, Johanna Enö Persson, Per Tynelius, Finn Rasmussen and Benjamin Bohman

The full spectrum of ethical issues in pediatric genome-wide sequencing: a systematic qualitative review

The use of genome-wide sequencing in pediatric medicine and research is growing exponentially. While this has many potential benefits, the normative and empirical literature has highlighted various ethical iss...

Authors: Johanna Eichinger, Bernice S. Elger, Insa Koné, Isabel Filges, David Shaw, Bettina Zimmermann and Stuart McLennan

The role of the household in the social inclusion of children with special needs in Uganda – a photovoice study

Social inclusion establishes a basis for the overall wellbeing of children with special needs. Although children’s lives are centred around the household, little is known about the household’s influence on soc...

Authors: Caroline Masquillier, Sara De Bruyn and David Musoke

Higher BMI predicts liver fibrosis among obese children and adolescents with NAFLD - an interventional pilot study

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can range from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis with or without fibrosis. The predictors for liver fibrosis and the effect of nutritional intervention on hepatic fi...

Authors: Hadar Moran-Lev, Shlomi Cohen, Muriel Webb, Anat Yerushalmy-Feler, Achiya Amir, Dana L. Gal and Ronit Lubetzky

Novel CLCN4 variant associated with syndromic X-linked intellectual disability in a Chinese girl: a case report

The Raynaud-Claes type of X-linked syndromic mental retardation (MRXSRC) is a very rare condition, by intellectual disability ranged from borderline to profound, impaired language development, brain abnormalit...

Authors: Xin Xu, Fen Lu, Li Zhang, Hongying Li, Senjie Du and Jian Tang

Reliability of visual assessment of neonatal jaundice among neonates of black descent: a cross-sectional study from Tanzania

Jaundice is common among neonates and if untreated can lead to kernicterus. Diagnosing neonatal jaundice (NJ) using Kramer’s method (visual assessment) is considered user-friendly in resource-limited areas. Ho...

Authors: Ikunda Dionis, Omary Chillo, George M. Bwire, Calvin Ulomi, Manase Kilonzi and Emmanuel Balandya

Factors associated with bone health status of Malaysian pre-adolescent children in the PREBONE-Kids Study

Modifiable lifestyle factors and body composition can affect the attainment of peak bone mass during childhood. This study performed a cross-sectional analysis of the determinants of bone health among pre-adol...

Authors: Chung Yuan Chang, Kanimolli Arasu, Soon Yee Wong, Shu Hwa Ong, Wai Yew Yang, Megan Hueh Zan Chong, Meenal Mavinkurve, Erwin Jiayuan Khoo, Karuthan Chinna, Connie Marie Weaver and Winnie Siew Swee Chee

Childhood adversity subtypes and violence victimization and perpetration among early adolescents in Shanghai, China

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify adverse childhood experience (ACE) subtypes using variable- and person-centered approaches and examine the possible sex-differentiated associations with violence in...

Authors: Xiayun Zuo, Ziwei Zhang, Li Yan, Qiguo Lian, Chunyan Yu, Xiaowen Tu and Chaohua Lou

Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort

Vitamin D is traditionally associated with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, a process essential for the mineralization of hard tissue such as bone or tooth. Deficiency of this vitamin is a problem wor...

Authors: Claudia Suárez-Calleja, Jaime Aza-Morera, Tania Iglesias-Cabo and Adonina Tardón

Characteristics and surgical outcomes of cleft palate in kabuki syndrome: a case series of 11 patients

A significant number of patients with KS have cleft palate (CP) or submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and show delayed speech development. However, few reports have discussed the characteristics of CP in KS and the...

Authors: Jong-Ho Kim, Jiwon Kang, Joon Seok Oh, Taeseon Ahn, Baek-kyu Kim and Rong-Min Baek

The effect of intervelar veloplasty under magnification (Sommerlad’s Technique) without tympanostomy on middle ear effusion in cleft palate patients

Different surgical techniques and management approaches have been introduced to manage the cleft palate (CP) and its complications, such as otitis media with effusion (OME) and auditory problems. The optimal m...

Authors: Mohammad Ali Hoghoughi, Tayebeh Kazemi, Ali Khojasteh, Raha Habibagahi, Zahra Kalkate, Zeynab Zarei, Hamidreza Hosseinpour and Maryam Salimi