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Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is rare and has significant morbimortality rates. Approximately 85% of newborns are infected intrapartum, and risk factors for mother-to-child transmission include...
People of all ages suffer from acute bacterial meningitis, but children are the most vulnerable, accounting for over 50% of all cases and deaths in children under the age of five. It is the leading cause of mo...
Altitude hypoxia and limited socioeconomic conditions may result in distinctive features of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has not been used at altitude. We examin...
The benefit of surfactant replacement therapy for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been demonstrated. However, some surfactants are expensive and usually inaccessible. Consequently, the Iranian Survanta...
Hospitalization of newborns in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) exposes parents to considerable stress. This study aimed to determine the predictive role of parental stress and intolerance of uncertainty o...
Congenital abnormalities, as one of the fetal complications of placenta previa, may cause health problems or disability of the child throughout life. This study aimed to determine the relationship between plac...
Coins are the most commonly ingested foreign bodies in children. They usually become lodged in the upper oesophagus and should be managed immediately. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the character...
Spinal cord untethering by sectioning the filum terminale is commonly performed in tethered cord syndrome patients with minor abnormalities such as filar lipoma, thickened filum terminale, and low conus medull...
The current diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) relies on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) stimulation test, which requires multiple invasive blood sampling procedures. The aim of ...
The objective of this study was to evaluate intraobserver reliability and inter-observer reproducibility of a 3-dimensional (3D) assessment method for mandibular changes of growing patients after orthodontic t...
Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) defined by intractable diarrhoea and nonceliac enteropathy with villous atrophy, is a rare digestive disease. Case reports of this disease are sporadic and the clinical characteris...
Early-onset pharyngeal airway collapse (PAC) in infants, which presents with onset within 6-months old is relatively rare. This disease has not been given enough attention in clinic. The aim of this study was ...
Although an essential frontline service in the prevention of child morbidity and mortality, there are indications that routine vaccinations have been disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study a...
Some studies reported that pediatric patients undergoing otorhinolaryngology (ENT) and ophthalmic surgeries have higher incidences of emergence agitation (EA). Children with EA tend to carry the risk of self-h...
Symptoms of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) are atypical, and histopathological misdiagnosis of IMT is still inevitable. Here we present a pediatric case that an eight-year-old boy with recurrent feve...
To improve knowledge on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in children, we aimed to study the proportion of indications, success rate and complication of ERCP.
This investigation assessed the impact of dog and/or cat ownership during infancy on the presence of functional constipation (FC) at 3 years of age.
Behavioural and emotional difficulties might play an important role in the development of body image disturbances, which represent serious risk factors for eating disorders or depression. The present study pro...
Pressure Injuries are not exclusively an adult phenomenon; various risk factors contribute to a high prevalence rate of 43% in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care population. Effective preventive measure...
Congenital neutropenia is a rare disease. Recurrent infections since young age are the presentation. The most common mutation causing severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and cyclic neutropenia (CyN) is the ELANE ...
The correlation between the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 (PDMS-2) has not previously been assessed in Norwegian infants. Our purpose was to investigate the con...
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare genetically heterogeneous primary ciliopathy characterized by a pathognomonic cerebellar and brainstem malformation, the “molar tooth sign”, and variable organ involvement (such...
To validate an appropriate evaluation method of liver fibrosis assessment based on the unique pathological features of biliary atresia (BA) that could well predict its prognosis.
To examine the numbers and characteristics of children affected by asthma exacerbation in Chengdu, China, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic to inform efforts to manage childhood asthma in the post epidemi...
Tension pneumomediastinum is a rare and dangerous complication in children that can be fatal, and timely detection and treatment are critical. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility o...
Patients with complex phenotypes and a chromosomal translocation are particularly challenging, since several potentially pathogenic mechanisms need to be investigated.
The purpose of this study was to explore echocardiographic parameters of the left ventricle (LV) in relation to the outcomes of omphalocele neonates with pulmonary hypertension (PH).
This study was to evaluate the combined effects of overweight/obesity and DAQS on the risk of hypertension in children and adolescents.
Critically ill children have a lower nutritional reserve, compounding the restricted food intake during intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays, and scarce data are available to point out the problem. The...
Only few data have been published on Helicobacter pylori infection in adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Sudan. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of H...
The high incidence of congenital syphilis shows flaws in the resolution of primary health care, being a predictor of greater use of hospital services, whose regional differences in access to health actions and...
Elastin-driven genetic diseases are a group of complex diseases driven by elastin protein insufficiency and dominant-negative production of aberrant protein, including supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) and ...
This study aimed to describe a peripherally inserted central catheterisation (PICC) for paediatric patients with inaccessible access and a high risk of general anaesthesia (GA). Methods: This was a retrospecti...
Spondylodiscitis (SD), a rare disease in children, poses diagnostic challenges due to non-specific presenting symptoms, scarcity in incidence, and difficulty expressing pain in non-verbal children.
This study aimed to investigate the genetic etiologies of fetuses with single atria and/or ventricle (SA or/and SV) using different genetic detection methods in a Chinese prenatal cohort.
Children in need of pediatric subspecialty care may encounter multiple barriers, and multiple strategies have been suggested to improve access. The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of gene...
Neonatal sepsis is the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, especially in low and middle-income countries. Continuous monitoring of pathogens and their antibiotic resistance pattern is crucial for ...
Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular neoplasm affecting infants or young children. KHE includes a spectrum of lesions, ranging from small and superficial tumors to large and invasive lesion...
Neonatal near-miss (NNM) can be considered as an end of a spectrum that includes stillbirths and neonatal deaths. Clinical audits of NNM might reduce perinatal adverse outcomes. The aim of this review is to ev...
Health system shocks are increasing. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in global disruptions to health systems, including maternal and newborn healthcare seeking and provision. Yet evidence on mitigation strategi...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 2
Whether cesarean section (CS) is a risk factor for asthma in offspring is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between CS and asthma in children/adolescents.
The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to everyone’s health. Numerous studies have demonstrated that vaccines are very effective in preventing COVID-19-related severe illness, hospitalization, and death. Ch...
Millions of newborns die annually from preventable causes, with the highest rates occurring in Africa. Reducing neonatal mortality requires investment to scale hospital care, which includes providing hospitals...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 2
Thirty million small and sick newborns worldwide require inpatient care each year. Many receive antibiotics for clinically diagnosed infections without blood cultures, the current ‘gold standard’ for neonatal ...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 2
Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP) coverage target 4 necessitates national scale-up of Level-2 Small and Sick Newborn Care (SSNC) (with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)) in 80% of districts by 2025. Ro...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 2
High-quality neonatal care requires sufficient functional medical devices, furniture, fixtures, and use by trained healthcare workers, however there is lack of publicly available tools for quantification and c...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 2
As countries strive to achieve sustainable development goal 3.2, high-quality medical education is crucial for high-quality neonatal care. Women are encouraged to deliver in health units attended by a skilled ...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 2
Medical devices are critical to providing high-quality, hospital-based newborn care, yet many of these devices are unavailable in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and are not designed to be suitable for...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 23 Supplement 2
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease that inevitably leads to total loss of autonomy. The new therapeutic strategies aim to both improve survival and optimise quality of life. Evaluatin...
The impact of pediatric intensivists on managing pediatric patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pediatric intensivists on outcomes in pediatric ...
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