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  1. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is becoming increasingly prevalent of late. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has a significant role in folate metabolism. Owing to the inconsistencies and inconclusive...

    Authors: Yan Li, Shuang Qiu, Jikang Shi, Yanbo Guo, Zhijun Li, Yi Cheng and Yawen Liu

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:449

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Haemoptysis is an uncommon presenting symptom in children and is usually caused by acute lower respiratory tract infection or foreign body aspiration. We report a rare case of right unilateral pulmonary vein a...

    Authors: Martin Ngie Liong Wong, Ing Ping Tang, Yek Kee Chor, Kiew Siong Lau, Anne Rachel John, King Ching Hii, Olive Pei Yi Lee, Wooi Kok Lim and Hannah Pei Koon Tan

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:448

    Content type: Case report

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  3. In order to achieve improved weight status, behavioral pediatric obesity treatment is resource intensive. Mobile Health (mHealth) is more accessible than standard care but effective approaches are scarce. Ther...

    Authors: Linnea Johansson, Emilia Hagman and Pernilla Danielsson

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:447

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by immune-mediated destruction of the β-cells. After initiation of insulin therapy many patients experience a period of improved residual β-cell function leading to partial dise...

    Authors: Anne Julie Overgaard, Jens Otto Broby Madsen, Flemming Pociot, Jesper Johannesen and Joachim Størling

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:446

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Extravasation injury resulting from intravenous therapies delivered via peripheral intravenous catheters or umbilical and peripherally inserted central venous catheters is a common iatrogenic complication occu...

    Authors: Kam Ming Chan, Janita Pak Chun Chau, Kai Chow Choi, Genevieve Po Gee Fung, Wai Wa Lui, Meme Suk Ying Chan and Suzanne Hoi Shan Lo

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:445

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Citrin deficiency (CD) is a recessive metabolic disease caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in SLC25A13. Although previous studies have reported ketosis in CD, it was observed at the time of euglycemia or mil...

    Authors: Yoichi Wada, Natsuko Arai-Ichinoi, Atsuo Kikuchi, Osamu Sakamoto and Shigeo Kure

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:444

    Content type: Case report

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  7. Biting objects was a parafunctional oral habit among children with special care needs. Chewing or biting toothbrushes could expedite the process of toothbrush wear. However, few studies evaluated the deteriora...

    Authors: Ni Zhou, Hai Ming Wong and Colman McGrath

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:443

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Strong evidence for a causal role of environmental factors in a congenital anomaly is still difficult to produce. The collection of statistical data is crucial for gaining a better understanding of the epidemi...

    Authors: Arthur Lauriot Dit Prevost, Michael Genin, Florent Occelli, René-Hilaire Priso, Remi Besson, Caroline Lanier and Dyuti Sharma

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:442

    Content type: Research article

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  10. In populations above 3,000 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.) normal values of oxygen saturation (SpO2) above 90% have been reported. Few studies have been conducted in cities of moderate altitude (between 2,50...

    Authors: Vinicio Andrade, Felipe Andrade, Pablo Riofrio, Fúlvio B. Nedel, Miguel Martin and Natalia Romero-Sandoval

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:440

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Managing children with minor head trauma remains challenging for physicians who evaluate for the need for computed tomography (CT) imaging for clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI) identification...

    Authors: Rasha D. Sawaya, Cynthia Wakil, Adonis Wazir, Sami Shayya, Iskandar Berbari, Rawan Safa, Maha Makki, Mahdi Hamade and Hani Tamim

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:439

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Drooling is common in children with neurological disorders, but its management is very challenging, Scopolamine transdermal patch (STP) appears to be useful in controlling drooling, although it is not approved...

    Authors: Majed Al Jeraisy, Maissa AlFuraih, Raghad AlSaif, Bushra AlKhalifah, Hazza AlOtaibi and Mostafa A. Abolfotouh

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:437

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Lead is a toxic metal that affects almost every organ in the body. Children are more susceptible to lead toxicity because they ingest non-food items (pica), have oral exploratory habits, absorb more substantia...

    Authors: Mahmoud Zardast, Seyedeh Samira Khorashadi-Zadeh, Samaneh Nakhaee, Alireza Amirabadizadeh and Omid Mehrpour

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:435

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Inhaled hypertonic saline (HS) has shown benefit in decreasing airway edema in acute bronchiolitis which is the most common lower respiratory infection resulting in dyspnea among infants under 2 years old. The...

    Authors: Chia-Wen Hsieh, Chiehfeng Chen, Hui-Chuan Su and Kee-Hsin Chen

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:434

    Content type: Research article

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  17. A commonly held public belief is that cow’s milk products increase mucus production and respiratory symptoms. Dietary milk elimination is often attempted despite lack of evidence. Our objective was to investig...

    Authors: Yael Koren, Keren Armoni Domany, Guy Gut, Amir Hadanny, Shira Benor, Oren Tavor and Yakov Sivan

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:433

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are particularly susceptible to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). NICUs in low- and middle income countries face additional challenges to HAI preventio...

    Authors: Carter Cowden, Lawrence Mwananyanda, Davidson H. Hamer, Susan E. Coffin, Monica L. Kapasa, Sylvia Machona and Julia E. Szymczak

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:432

    Content type: Research article

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  19. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in objectively measured physical activity and in self-reported physical activity between overweight and normal-weight children.

    Authors: Janneke van Leeuwen, Bart W. Koes, Winifred D. Paulis, Patrick J. E. Bindels and Marienke van Middelkoop

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:431

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Ultrasonography is commonly used to diagnose left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC). A ratio of noncompacted to compacted myocardium (NC/C ratio) > >2 is often used to diagnose LVNC. However, a large proportion...

    Authors: Yi Gan, Li Luo, Jie Tian, Lingjuan Liu and Tiewei Lu

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:430

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Central and peripheral nervous system symptoms and complications are being increasingly recognized among individuals with pandemic SARS-CoV-2 infections, but actual detection of the virus or its RNA in the cen...

    Authors: Bishara J. Freij, Bassam M. Gebara, Rabail Tariq, Ay-Ming Wang, John Gibson, Nidal El-Wiher, Graham Krasan, Paul M. Patek, Kelly A. Levasseur, Mitual Amin and Joseph M. Fullmer

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:429

    Content type: Case report

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  22. In order for infants and toddlers to meet recommended movement guidelines, their caregivers need to encourage play daily. This study used a qualitative approach to understand how mothers perceive and promote p...

    Authors: Alessandra Prioreschi, Stephanie Victoria Wrottesley, Wiedaad Slemming, Emmanuel Cohen and Shane Anthony Norris

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:428

    Content type: Research article

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  23. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare systems worldwide. In addition to the direct impact of the virus on patient morbidity and mortality, the effect of lockdown strategies on health and healthcare ut...

    Authors: Christian Dopfer, Martin Wetzke, Anna Zychlinsky Scharff, Frank Mueller, Frank Dressler, Ulrich Baumann, Michael Sasse, Gesine Hansen, Alexandra Jablonka and Christine Happle

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:427

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Micronutrient deficiencies are identified among obese individuals. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is prevalent in obese children, and is hypothesized to cause insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities. This s...

    Authors: D. B. D. L. Samaranayake, S. G. S. Adikaram, N. Atapattu, K. M. D. L. D. Kendaragama, J. T. N. Senevirathne, H. D. Jayasekera and V. P. Wickramasinghe

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:426

    Content type: Research article

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  25. To date, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test is still the gold standard for precocious puberty (PP) diagnosis. However, it has many disadvantages, including low sensitivity, high cost, a...

    Authors: Su Wu, Yan Yang, Yujiao Wang, Qianqi Liu, Ziyang Zhu and Wei Gu

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:425

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Fluid therapy is a cornerstone of pediatric intensive care medicine. We aimed at quantifying the load of water, sodium and chloride due to different fluid indications in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU...

    Authors: Thomas Langer, Veronica D’Oria, Giulia C. I. Spolidoro, Giovanna Chidini, Stefano Scalia Catenacci, Tiziana Marchesi, Marta Guerrini, Andrea Cislaghi, Carlo Agostoni, Antonio Pesenti and Edoardo Calderini

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:424

    Content type: Research article

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  27. The presence of low or hypo glycaemia in children upon admission to hospital in low income countries is a marker for poor outcome. Fasting during illness may contribute to low blood glucose and caretakers’ fee...

    Authors: Fatsani Ngwalangwa, Chawanangwa Mahebere Chirambo, Cecilia Lindsjö, Queen Dube, Josephine Langton, Tim Baker and Helena Hildenwall

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:423

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) has a great negative impact on clinical outcomes, and it is a well-recognized complication in adult patients with critical illness. However, DD is largely unexplored in the critical...

    Authors: Yang Xue, Chun-Feng Yang, Yu Ao, Ji Qi and Fei-Yong Jia

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:422

    Content type: Research article

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  29. In preterm infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (LISA) has been established to reduce the need of mechanical ventilation and might improve survival rates wi...

    Authors: I. A. L. Bugter, L. C. E. Janssen, J. Dieleman, B. W. Kramer, P. Andriessen and H. J. Niemarkt

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:421

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) gene mutations are associated with dominantly inherited optic neuropathy resulting in a progressive loss of visual acuity. Compound heterozygous or homozygous variants that lead to sever...

    Authors: Ting Zeng, Linyan Liao, Yi Guo, Xuxu Liu, Xiaobo Xiong, Yu Zhang, Shi Cen, Honghui Li and Shuzhang Wei

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:420

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  31. Accurate anthropometric measurements are essential for assessing nutritional status, monitoring child growth, and informing clinical care. We aimed to improve height measurements of hospitalized pediatrics pat...

    Authors: Priya M. Gupta, Emily Wieck, Joel Conkle, Kristina A. Betters, Anthony Cooley, Selena Yamasaki, Natasha Laibhen-Parkes and Parminder S. Suchdev

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:419

    Content type: Research article

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  32. To explore the relationship between the pathological changes of the colon, terminal ileum, lung, liver and kidney, and the changes of Bax, PCNA and PAF in a rat model of NEC.

    Authors: Fu-Sheng Wang, Meng-Lu Yu, Wei-Zhong Li, Kai Hong, Chen-Bin Xu and Guang-Huan Wang

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:418

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  34. Congenital heart defect is the leading malformation in China. There may have been changes in congenital heart defect incidence because of birth policy shift in China over past years. This study aimed to invest...

    Authors: Xiaohui Zhang, Yu Sun, Jiajun Zhu, Yuning Zhu and Liqian Qiu

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:416

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Pediatric critical care is often accompanied by a variety of functional impairments. Preliminary evidence suggests children’s participation in home activities has a slow trajectory post-pediatric intensive car...

    Authors: Jessica M. Jarvis, Nora Fayed, Ericka L. Fink, Karen Choong and Mary A. Khetani

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:415

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Ugandan children are fed homemade complementary foods (CFs) which are usually deficient in vitamin A, iron and zinc. Novel homemade CFs rich in vitamin A, iron and zinc need to be developed, and assessed for t...

    Authors: Edward Buzigi, Kirthee Pillay and Muthulisi Siwela

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:412

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Children with cerebral palsy often exhibit an altered gait pattern; however, it is uncertain whether the use of an instrumented gait analysis in interdisciplinary interventions affects the perceived experience...

    Authors: Christina Esmann Fonvig, Helle Mätzke Rasmussen, Søren Overgaard and Anders Holsgaard-Larsen

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:411

    Content type: Research article

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  41. A responsive and well-functioning newborn referral system is a cornerstone to the continuum of child health care; however, health system and client-related barriers negatively impact the referral system. Due t...

    Authors: Alula M. Teklu, James A. Litch, Alemu Tesfahun, Eskinder Wolka, Berhe Dessalegn Tuamay, Hagos Gidey, Wondimye Ashenafi Cheru, Kirsten Senturia and Wendemaghen Gezahegn

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:409

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Weight-related stigmatization is a widespread problem. Particularly the internalization of weight-related stereotypes and prejudices (weight bias internalization, WBI) is related to mental and physical health ...

    Authors: Michaela Silvia Gmeiner and Petra Warschburger

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:408

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Parental nurturing expressed through love and affection is a broad concept that entails caring for children and their activities, encouraging them and praising their achievements. Lack of love and affection ma...

    Authors: Nouh Harsha, Luay Ziq, Margaret A. Lynch and Rita Giacaman

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:407

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Neonatal mortality is high in developing countries. Lack of adequate training and insufficient management skills for sick newborn care contribute to these deaths. We developed a phone application dubbed Protec...

    Authors: Santorino Data, Martin Mukama, Douglas McMillan, Nalini Singhal and Francis Bajunirwe

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:406

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Venous access during neonatal emergencies in the delivery room (DR) can be accomplished through an umbilical venous catheter (UVC) or an intraosseous (IO) access. Preference of one over the other is unclear. W...

    Authors: Bianca Haase, Laila Springer and Christian Friedrich Poets

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:405

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Malnutrition remains to be a major public health problem in developing countries, particularly among children under-5 years of age children who are more vulnerable to both macro and micro-nutrient deficiencies...

    Authors: Shimels Hussien Mohammed, Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold, Amanuel Godana Arero and Ahmad Esmaillzadeh

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:404

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) precipitated by various bacterial and viral infections. Dengue infection is no exception for this and can be a precipitat...

    Authors: V. Thadchanamoorthy and Kavinda Dayasiri

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:403

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  48. The Internet may serve as a suitable environment for discriminated adolescents as they may consider the online space as the place where they have possibility to build social ties they are missing in their offl...

    Authors: Laura Bitto Urbanova, Jana Holubcikova, Andrea Madarasova Geckova, Jitse P. van Dijk and Sijmen A. Reijneveld

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:402

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Parents may struggle to initiate healthy weight-related conversations with their children. Educational videos may be an effective tool for improving parents’ knowledge and self-efficacy on this topic. The aim ...

    Authors: Kody A. Klupt, Stephan M. Oreskovich, Julie Bernard-Genest, Barkha P. Patel, Lisa Chu, Elizabeth Dettmer, Catharine M. Walsh, Michele Strom, Amy C. McPherson, Jonah Strub, Alissa Steinberg, Cathleen Steinegger and Jill K. Hamilton

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:397

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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