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  3. We looked at existing recommendations and supporting evidence on the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in infancy for reducing vitamin D deficiency and for preventing rickets and infections. We also l...

    Authors: Sophie Jullien
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21(Suppl 1):319
    Content type: Review Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1

  4. We looked at existing recommendations for preventing unintentional injuries in children under five years of age, and we attempted to identify the main sources used as evidence for formulating these recommendat...

    Authors: Sophie Jullien
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21(Suppl 1):311
    Content type: Review Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:436

  6. Neonatal mortality remains unacceptably high. Many studies successful at reducing neonatal mortality have failed to realise similar gains at scale. Effective implementation and scale-up of interventions design...

    Authors: Kaajal Patel, Sopheakneary Say, Daly Leng, Manila Prak, Koung Lo, Mavuto Mukaka, Arthur Riedel and Claudia Turner
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:390
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  7. Poor reading ability is one of the common causes of low academic performance. In previous studies, children with dyslexia were found to demonstrate poor academic achievement due to poor reading ability. Howeve...

    Authors: Riyo Ueda, Yoshimi Kaga, Yosuke Kita, Eiji Nakagawa, Takashi Okada and Masumi Inagaki
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:389
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Parental self-efficacy (PSE) has been suggested as a key factor for enabling parents to support children in the development of healthy dietary and physical activity behaviors and to prevent childhood obesity. ...

    Authors: Nora Döring, Ata Ghaderi, Johanna Enö Persson, Per Tynelius, Finn Rasmussen and Benjamin Bohman
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:388
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. The use of genome-wide sequencing in pediatric medicine and research is growing exponentially. While this has many potential benefits, the normative and empirical literature has highlighted various ethical iss...

    Authors: Johanna Eichinger, Bernice S. Elger, Insa Koné, Isabel Filges, David Shaw, Bettina Zimmermann and Stuart McLennan
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:387
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Social inclusion establishes a basis for the overall wellbeing of children with special needs. Although children’s lives are centred around the household, little is known about the household’s influence on soc...

    Authors: Caroline Masquillier, Sara De Bruyn and David Musoke
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:386
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can range from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis with or without fibrosis. The predictors for liver fibrosis and the effect of nutritional intervention on hepatic fi...

    Authors: Hadar Moran-Lev, Shlomi Cohen, Muriel Webb, Anat Yerushalmy-Feler, Achiya Amir, Dana L. Gal and Ronit Lubetzky
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:385
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. The Raynaud-Claes type of X-linked syndromic mental retardation (MRXSRC) is a very rare condition, by intellectual disability ranged from borderline to profound, impaired language development, brain abnormalit...

    Authors: Xin Xu, Fen Lu, Li Zhang, Hongying Li, Senjie Du and Jian Tang
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:384
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  13. Jaundice is common among neonates and if untreated can lead to kernicterus. Diagnosing neonatal jaundice (NJ) using Kramer’s method (visual assessment) is considered user-friendly in resource-limited areas. Ho...

    Authors: Ikunda Dionis, Omary Chillo, George M. Bwire, Calvin Ulomi, Manase Kilonzi and Emmanuel Balandya
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:383
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Modifiable lifestyle factors and body composition can affect the attainment of peak bone mass during childhood. This study performed a cross-sectional analysis of the determinants of bone health among pre-adol...

    Authors: Chung Yuan Chang, Kanimolli Arasu, Soon Yee Wong, Shu Hwa Ong, Wai Yew Yang, Megan Hueh Zan Chong, Meenal Mavinkurve, Erwin Jiayuan Khoo, Karuthan Chinna, Connie Marie Weaver and Winnie Siew Swee Chee
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:382
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify adverse childhood experience (ACE) subtypes using variable- and person-centered approaches and examine the possible sex-differentiated associations with violence in...

    Authors: Xiayun Zuo, Ziwei Zhang, Li Yan, Qiguo Lian, Chunyan Yu, Xiaowen Tu and Chaohua Lou
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:381
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Vitamin D is traditionally associated with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, a process essential for the mineralization of hard tissue such as bone or tooth. Deficiency of this vitamin is a problem wor...

    Authors: Claudia Suárez-Calleja, Jaime Aza-Morera, Tania Iglesias-Cabo and Adonina Tardón
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:380
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. A significant number of patients with KS have cleft palate (CP) or submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and show delayed speech development. However, few reports have discussed the characteristics of CP in KS and the...

    Authors: Jong-Ho Kim, Jiwon Kang, Joon Seok Oh, Taeseon Ahn, Baek-kyu Kim and Rong-Min Baek
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:379
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Many international medical organizations recommend vitamin D supplementation for infants, especially exclusively breastfed infants. In Thailand, however, data regarding the vitamin D status in Thai infants are...

    Authors: Chayatat Ruangkit, Sukrit Suwannachat, Pornchanok Wantanakorn, Napapailin Sethaphanich, Surapat Assawawiroonhakarn and Oraporn Dumrongwongsiri
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:378
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Different surgical techniques and management approaches have been introduced to manage the cleft palate (CP) and its complications, such as otitis media with effusion (OME) and auditory problems. The optimal m...

    Authors: Mohammad Ali Hoghoughi, Tayebeh Kazemi, Ali Khojasteh, Raha Habibagahi, Zahra Kalkate, Zeynab Zarei, Hamidreza Hosseinpour and Maryam Salimi
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:377
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Research has highlighted the need for evidence-based interventions to improve paediatric advance care planning (pACP) in adolescents with cancer. Although adolescents express the desire and ability to share th...

    Authors: Anne van Driessche, Aline De Vleminck, Joni Gilissen, Marijke C. Kars, Jutte van der Werff ten Bosch, Luc Deliens, Joachim Cohen and Kim Beernaert
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:376
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  21. In otitis media with effusion (OME), it is important to know when to surgically intervene and when careful monitoring is more appropriate. This study aimed to visualize and classify the clinical manifestations...

    Authors: Chan Il Song, Byung Chul Kang, Chol Ho Shin, Yun Suk An, Tae Su Kim, Hyun Woo Lim, Hyun Joon Shim, Myung Hoon Yoo and Joong Ho Ahn
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:375
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Overweight, obesity, and associated comorbidities are a pressing global issue among children of all ages, particularly among low-income populations. Rapid weight gain (RWG) in the first 6 months of infancy con...

    Authors: Megan E. Petrov, Nana Jiao, Sarada S. Panchanathan, Elizabeth Reifsnider, Dean V. Coonrod, Li Liu, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown, Haiwei Gu, Laurie A. Davidson, Robert S. Chapkin and Corrie M. Whisner
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:374
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  23. Adverse metabolic outcomes later in life have been reported among children or young adults who were born as preterm infants. This study was conducted to examine the impact of very preterm/very low birth weight...

    Authors: Jungha Yun, Young Hwa Jung, Seung Han Shin, In Gyu Song, Young Ah Lee, Choong Ho Shin, Ee-Kyung Kim and Han-Suk Kim
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:373
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Hydatid disease is an endemic disease in many countries of the world including the Middle East. It mainly affects the liver and lungs. Intramuscular hydatid disease is rarely reported in children. Such uncommo...

    Authors: Ruba A. Khasawneh, Ziyad M. Mohaidat, Rawand A. Khasawneh, Sohaib B. Zoghoul and Yousef M. Henawi
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:371
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  27. Children with physical disabilities (PD) are less physically active than typically developing peers. The most important contributor to physical activity for primary school-aged children is outside play and the...

    Authors: L. van Engelen, M. Ebbers, M. Boonzaaijer, E. A. M. Bolster, E. A. H. van der Put and M. A. T. Bloemen
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:369
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Gabapentin is often used to manage pain in children with dystonic cerebral palsy, however the evidence for its effectiveness in this population is limited. The primary objective of this feasibility pilot study...

    Authors: Adrienne Harvey, Mary-Clare Waugh, James Rice, Giuliana Antolovich, Lisa Copeland, Francesca Orsini, Adam Scheinberg, Clare McKinnon, Megan Thorley, Felicity Baker, George Chalkiadis and Kirsty Stewart
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:368
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. The onset of walking is thought to be an indicator of early development. However, evidence is mixed and clear data on this relationship at preschool age is missing. The study aimed at investigating if walking ...

    Authors: Nadine Messerli-Bürgy, Tanja H. Kakebeeke, Andrea H. Meyer, Amar Arhab, Annina E. Zysset, Kerstin Stülb, Claudia S. Leeger-Aschmann, Einat A. Schmutz, Susi Kriemler, Jardena J. Puder, Simone Munsch and Oskar G. Jenni
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:367
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. India lacks epidemiological information on the disease burden of pediatric HIV. The National AIDS Control Program (NACP) estimates the numbers of HIV-positive children as a proportion of adult persons living w...

    Authors: Anju Sinha, Reynold Washington, Rajeev Sethumadhavan, Rajaram Subramanian Potty, Shajy Isac, Vasantha Thavraj and Ravindra Mohan Pandey
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:366
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Cortisol is a steroid hormone acting as a stress hormone, which is crucial in regulating homeostasis. Previous studies have linked cortisol concentration to body mass and body composition.

    Authors: Paulina Pruszkowska-Przybylska, Aneta Sitek, Iwona Rosset, Marta Sobalska-Kwapis, Marcin Słomka, Dominik Strapagiel, Elżbieta Żądzińska and Niels Morling
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:365
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Healthcare organizations are increasingly screening and addressing food insecurity (FI); yet, limited data exists from clinic-based settings on how FI rates change over time. The objective of this study was to...

    Authors: Kimberly Montez, Callie L. Brown, Arvin Garg, Scott D. Rhodes, Eunyoung Y. Song, Alysha J. Taxter, Joseph A. Skelton, Laurie W. Albertini and Deepak Palakshappa
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:364
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Tinea capitis is a common cutaneous infection of the scalp and hair follicles, typically diagnosed by direct examination and culture. Treatment with oral antifungals is usually withheld until mycology results ...

    Authors: Riad Kassem, Yahel Shemesh, Orna Nitzan, Maya Azrad and Avi Peretz
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:363
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The association between a slower physical growth and poorer neurodevelopment has been established in infants born preterm or small for gestational age. However, this association is inconsistent in term-born in...

    Authors: Masafumi Sanefuji, Yuri Sonoda, Yoshiya Ito, Masanobu Ogawa, Vlad Tocan, Hirosuke Inoue, Masayuki Ochiai, Masayuki Shimono, Reiko Suga, Ayako Senju, Satoshi Honjo, Koichi Kusuhara and Shouichi Ohga
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:360
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Back pain in childhood and adolescence increases the risk for back pain in adulthood, but validated assessment tools are scarce. The aim of this study was to validate the Young Spine Questionnaire (YSQ) in a G...

    Authors: Luana Nyirö, Tobias Potthoff, Mette Hobaek Siegenthaler, Fabienne Riner, Petra Schweinhardt and Brigitte Wirth
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:359
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Spinal cord compression (SCC) is an uncommon, severe complication of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), occurring in 0.2% of cases at the onset and in 6% during disease progression. We present a teenager with SCC with cli...

    Authors: Giulia Salomone, Milena La Spina, Giuseppe Belfiore, Gregoria Bertuna, Laura Cannavò, Stefano Catanzaro, Salvatore D’Amico, Mariaclaudia Meli, Andrea Musumeci, Lucia Salvatorelli, Maria Grazia Scuderi, Corrado Spatola, Mariella Valenzise, Andrea Di Cataldo and Giovanna Russo
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:358
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  38. The early life period represents the first step in establishing a beneficial microbial ecosystem, which in turn affects both short and longer-term health. Changes during pregnancy influence the neonatal microb...

    Authors: Sarah Phillips, Rachel Watt, Thomas Atkinson, George M Savva, Antonietta Hayhoe and Lindsay J Hall
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:357
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  40. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a significant neurodevelopment disorder among children and adolescents, with 5 % prevalence. Bone fractures account for 25 % of accidents and injuries among a...

    Authors: Hoda Seens, Shirin Modarresi, Joy C MacDermid, David M Walton and Ruby Grewal
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:354
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Salmonella infection presents itself in a wide variety of ways, ranging from mild self-limited illness to severe systemic disease with multiorgan involvement. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a very rare complication t...

    Authors: Salwa Al Kaabi, Aysha Al Kaabi and Hasa Al Nuaimi
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:353
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  42. Although previous studies have shown the relationship between different parental factors and children’s blood pressure status, there is limited data on the cumulative effect of these factors. Considering paren...

    Authors: Parisa Amiri, Marjan Rezaei, Sara Jalali-Farahani, Mehrdad Karimi, Leila Cheraghi, Romina Esbati and Fereidoun Azizi
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:352
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Asthma is an important public health disease affecting children that may result in school absenteeism and hospitalization. This study aims to assess the validity, reliability, and diagnostic accuracy of the Tu...

    Authors: Mahmut Kilic, Ghaniya Ede and Tugba Uzuncakmak
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:348
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Eczema is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with impaired quality of life. We identified indoor environmental risk factors, to provide strong evidence for the prevention and control of eczema in presch...

    Authors: Haonan Shi, Guangsheng Wan, Tingting Wang, Jia Zhu, Lan Jiang, Shaowei Ma, Jian Yao, Zhe Yin, Murizhati Maimaiti and Huijuan Dong
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:347
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. In Finland, school doctors examine all children at predetermined ages in addition to annual health checks by school nurses. This study explored the association of study questionnaire-assessed need for and scho...

    Authors: Kirsi Nikander, Elina Hermanson, Tero Vahlberg, Minna Kaila, Tuire Sannisto and Silja Kosola
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:346
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Hypothyroxinemia is defined by low levels of thyroxine (T4) despite low or normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with transient hypothyroxinemi...

    Authors: Aslan Yilmaz, Yavuz Ozer, Nesrin Kaya, Hande Turan, Hazal Cansu Acar, Oya Ercan, Yildiz Perk, Olcay Evliyaoglu and Mehmet Vural
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:344
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Vancomycin is commonly used as part of empiric antibiotic therapy in the preterm infants who develop signs and symptoms of infection. Although skin necrosis has been noted to occur following injection of vanco...

    Authors: Sixtine Gilliot, Mohamed Riadh Boukhris, Morgane Masse, Laurent Storme, Bertrand Décaudin, Pascal Odou and Kevin Le Duc
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:343
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  49. In the management of pediatric osteomyelitis or septic arthritis, delay in treatment may affect outcome, while receipt of antibiotics prior to culture may affect culture results. We aimed to determine if patho...

    Authors: Amanda Lansell, Yasasvi Vasili, Parminder S. Suchdev, Janet Figueroa and Anjali Kirpalani
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:342
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Neonates and small infants with congenital cardiac disease undergoing cardiac surgery represent major challenges facing paediatric anaesthesia and perioperative medicine. Aims.

    Authors: Judith Schiefer, Paul Lichtenegger, Daniel Zimpfer, Doris Hutschala, Lorenz Kuessel, Alessia Felli, Stephan Hornykewycz, Peter Faybik and Eva Base
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2021 21:341
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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BMC Pediatrics

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