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Table 2 Characteristics of the study participants based on LCDS tertiles

From: The association of dietary carbohydrate quality and quantity with obesity among Iranian adolescents: a case-control study

Variables

LCDS

P-value

T1 (N = 127)

T2 (N = 145)

T3 (N = 134)

Age (year)

16.23 ± 0.73

16.23 ± 0.68

16.33 ± 0.54

0.357

BMI (kg/m2)

25.64 ± 4.52

25.48 ± 5.24

24.13 ± 4.74

0.022

WC (cm)

86.14 ± 10.54

85.02 ± 12.52

80.96 ± 11.86

0.001

Sex, boy (%)

80.3

60.7

51.7

< 0.001

Physical activity (%)

   

< 0.001

Low

Moderate

High

5.5

40.2

54.3

14.5

50.3

35.2

16.4

65.7

17.9

 

Family Income (%)

   

0.113

Low

Moderate

High

56.7

37.8

5.5

51.7

41.4

6.9

43.3

53.0

3.7

 

Energy (Kcal)

2815.27 ± 140.61

2749.97 ± 231.35

2563.59 ± 247.78

< 0.001

CHO (% energy)

58.43 ± 2.08

56.69 ± 2.08

54.94 ± 1.63

< 0.001

Fibers (g/day)

4.96 ± 0.68

5.01 ± 0.65

5.42 ± 0.76

< 0.001

MUFA (% energy)

9.48 ± 0.69

9.98 ± 0.81

10.55 ± 0.67

< 0.001

Fatty acid N3 / N6 ratio

0.045 ± 0.023

0.044 ± 0.027

0.047 ± 0.023

0.697

Refined cereals (g/day)

419.20 ± 15.73

393.40 ± 22.22

355.34 ± 33.12

< 0.001

GI

63.00 ± 1.40

62.21 ± 1.14

61.29 ± 2.05

< 0.001

GL

90.67 ± 3.65

86.93 ± 3.46

81.58 ± 3.59

< 0.001

Plant proteins (% energy)

2.88 ± 0.27

2.90 ± 0.33

2.95 ± 0.26

0.122

  1. LCDS: low carbohydrate diet score; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; CHO: carbohydrate; GI: glycemic index; GL: glycemic load
  2. Values are mean ± standard deviation or percent
  3. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant
  4. One-way ANOVA and chi-square have been used
  5. Significant values are shown in bold
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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