Table 4 Standardized coefficients for the predictors of self-regulation at 6–7 years controlling for prior self-regulation and covariates
From: Proximal and distal predictors of self-regulatory change in children aged 4 to 7 years
β | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|
Covariate associations with self-regulation at 4–5 years | ||
Female | .50** | .44–.57 |
Age | .01 | .04–.11 |
Birthweight percentile | .07** | .03–.11 |
Breastfed | −.15 | −.29 - -.01 |
Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander | −.53** | −.81 - -.26 |
Non-English home language | .01 | −.10–.11 |
Maternal education level | .13** | .09–.17 |
Household income | .13** | .08–.17 |
Stability of self-regulation 4–5 years to 6–7 years | .54** | .49–.59 |
Predictors of self-regulation at 6–7 years controlling for above | ||
Health | ||
Physical health status | .02 | −.03–.05 |
High sugar drink intake | .02 | −.01–.06 |
Sleep problems | −.08** | −.13 - -.04 |
Development | ||
Vocabulary | .01 | −.03–.06 |
Gross motor | .06** | .02–.10 |
Fine motor | −.05 | −.10–.00 |
Pre-academic skills | .12** | .09–.16 |
Home environment | ||
Maternal angry parenting | −.10** | −.15–.06 |
Paternal angry parenting | −.12** | −.16 - -.07 |
Maternal consistent parenting | −.01 | −.04–.05 |
Paternal consistent parenting | .02 | −.02–.07 |
Maternal mental health | −.01 | −.06–.04 |
Paternal mental health | .02 | −.03–.06 |
Shared book reading frequency | .03 | −.01–.07 |
Home learning activities | .06* | .01–.10 |
Financial hardship | −.07** | −.12 - -.02 |
Argumentative parental relationships | −.03 | −.07–.02 |
Stressful life events | −.00 | −.04–.04 |
Education | ||
Educator-child relationship | .06* | .01–.11 |
Time use | ||
Extra-curricular sport | −.02 | −.05–.02 |
Extra-curricular music/dance | .02 | −.01–.05 |
Weekday TV hours | .04 | .00–.08 |
Weekday computer hours | .01 | −.03–.05 |
Physical activity | −.03 | −.06–.00 |
Neighbourhood | ||
Liveability | −.01 | −.05–.02 |
Socio-economic index | .01 | −.03–.04 |