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  1. Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common bacterial childhood infection. However, caregivers with children having mild episodes often do not seek healthcare services, which may lead to an under-appreciation ...

    Authors: Iris Villarreal, Rosario Turner, Hyejin Jo, Julie Park, Eric Gemmen, Jean-Yves Pirçon, Maria M. Castrejon and William P. Hausdorff
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2017 17:3
  2. Febrile neutropenia (FNP) causes significant morbidity and mortality in children undergoing treatment for cancer. The development of clinical decision rules to help stratify risks in paediatric FNP patients an...

    Authors: Victoria Hemming, Adam D. Jakes, Geoff Shenton and Bob Phillips
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2017 17:2
  3. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disorder that is often seen in premature infants. Probiotics decrease the risk of NEC; however, the mechanism by which probiotics work is not clear...

    Authors: Wenshen Wu, Yanli Wang, Jingjing Zou, Fang Long, Huiheng Yan, Lijuan Zeng and Yunbin Chen
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2017 17:1
  4. To create a self-reported, internet-based questionnaire for the assessment of suicide risk in children and adolescents.

    Authors: I. Flamarique, P. Santosh, A. Zuddas, C. Arango, D. Purper-Ouakil, P. J. Hoekstra, D. Coghill, U. Schulze, R. W. Dittmann, J. K. Buitelaar, K. Lievesley, R. Frongia, C. Llorente, I. Méndez, R. Sala, F. Fiori…
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:213
  5. Father–child interactions are associated with improved developmental outcomes among infants. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has addressed the effects of paternal involvement on the neurodevelo...

    Authors: Minjeong Kim, Su-Kyoung Kang, Bangsil Yee, So-Yeon Shim and Mira Chung
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:212
  6. Adolescents with chronic disease (CD) can be more vulnerable to adverse psychosocial outcomes. This study aims: 1) to identify differences in psychosocial variables (health-related quality of life, psychosomat...

    Authors: Teresa Santos, Margarida Gaspar de Matos, Adilson Marques, Celeste Simões, Isabel Leal and Maria do Céu Machado
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:211
  7. Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an arterial ischemic stroke, rarely occurred in children accompanied with asymptomatic cerebral infarction and almost never involved in severe pneumonia related to My...

    Authors: Yunguang Bao, Xiaobing Li, Kaixuan Wang, Chan Zhao, Xiumei Ji and Mizu Jiang
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:210
  8. Occurrence and consequence of cord blood (CB) vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency has not been adequately explored despite rising concern regarding this topic in pediatrics. This study was designed to determine...

    Authors: Ian Marshall, Rajeev Mehta, Charletta Ayers, Smita Dhumal and Anna Petrova
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:208
  9. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a highly prevalent fetal congenital heart defect, which can become spontaneously closed during infancy. The current study aims to characterize fetal VSDs that were subsequent...

    Authors: Xing Li, Gui-Xian Song, Li-Jie Wu, Yu-Mei Chen, Yi Fan, Yun Wu, Ya-Hui Shen, Li Cao and Ling-Mei Qian
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:207
  10. Despite differences in types of infection and causative organisms, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) targets of vancomycin therapy derived from adult studies are suggested for neonates. We aimed to identi...

    Authors: Helgi Padari, Kersti Oselin, Tõnis Tasa, Tuuli Metsvaht, Krista Lõivukene and Irja Lutsar
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:206
  11. It is recommended that formula-fed infants are given standard whey-based infant formula throughout the first year of life, unless otherwise advised by healthcare professionals. To our knowledge it has not yet ...

    Authors: Hazel Ann Smith, Jonathan O’B Hourihane, Louise C Kenny, Mairead Kiely, Patricia Leahy-Warren and Deirdre M. Murray
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:205
  12. A child’s death is an enormous tragedy for both the parents and other family members. Support for the parents can be important in helping them to cope with the loss of their child. In the Netherlands little is...

    Authors: Sandra Gijzen, Monique P. L’Hoir, Magda M. Boere-Boonekamp and Ariana Need
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:204
  13. Qualitative and quantitative research investigating determinants of adherence to clinical guidelines (GLs) on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) are scarce. We conducted a mixed-method study aimed at invest...

    Authors: Angela Giusti, Stefania Spila Alegiani, Marta Luisa Ciofi degli Atti, Sofia Colaceci, Roberto Raschetti, Pasquale Arace, Raffaele Spiazzi and Massimiliano Raponi
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:203
  14. Febrile seizures are common in young children. Annual peaks in incidence mirror increased respiratory virus activity during winter. Limited virological data are available using modern diagnostic techniques for...

    Authors: Joshua R. Francis, Peter Richmond, Christine Robins, Katie Lindsay, Avram Levy, Paul V. Effler, Meredith Borland and Christopher C. Blyth
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:202
  15. As many preschoolers are not able to cooperate with health-related invasive procedures, sedation can help with the child’s comfort and allow the intervention to be done. It is scarcely known how parents affect...

    Authors: Daniella Miranda-Remijo, Mara Rúbia Orsini, Patrícia Corrêa-Faria and Luciane Rezende Costa
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:201
  16. Functional gait is an integral part of life, allowing individuals to function within their environment and participate in activities of daily living. Gait assessment forms an essential part of a physical exami...

    Authors: Yvonne Smith, Quinette Louw and Yolandi Brink
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:200
  17. Providing an early, additional measles vaccine (MV) at 4.5 months of age has been shown to reduce child mortality in low-income countries. We studied the effects on growth at 9 and 24 months of age.

    Authors: S. M. Rasmussen, S. Biering-Sørensen, S. Byberg, A. Andersen, M. Bjerregaard-Andersen, A. Rodrigues, C. S. Benn, C. L. Martins and P. Aaby
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:199
  18. The objective of this study was to design and test the feasibility and impact of a community health worker (CHW) intervention for comorbid asthma and obesity.

    Authors: Molly A Martin, Steven K. Rothschild, Elizabeth Lynch, Katherine Kaufer Christoffel, Militza M. Pagán, Jose Luis Rodriguez, Anna Barnes, Kelly Karavolos, Antonieta Diaz, Lucretia M. Hoffman, Diana Plata and Sandra Villalpando
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:198
  19. Mental health problems are a major public health challenges, and strategies of early prevention are needed. Effective prevention depends on feasible and validated measures of screening and intervention. Previo...

    Authors: Janni Ammitzbøll, Bjørn E. Holstein, Lisbeth Wilms, Anette Andersen and Anne Mette Skovgaard
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:197
  20. Recent findings has shown that late preterm births (gestational weeks 34–36) and early term births (gestational weeks 37–38) is associated with an increased risk of several psychological and developmental morb...

    Authors: Kim Stene-Larsen, Astri M. Lang, Markus A. Landolt, Beatrice Latal and Margarete E. Vollrath
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:196
  21. Families with 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) have been reported, but they are considered to be exceptionally rare, with the exception of the familial forms of disorders affecting androgen synthesis o...

    Authors: Raja Brauner, Flavia Picard-Dieval, Henri Lottmann, Sébastien Rouget, Joelle Bignon-Topalovic, Anu Bashamboo and Ken McElreavey
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:195
  22. Gross motor skills are fundamental to childhood development. The effectiveness of current physical therapy options for children with mild to moderate gross motor disorders is unknown. The aim of this study was...

    Authors: Barbara R. Lucas, Elizabeth J. Elliott, Sarah Coggan, Rafael Z. Pinto, Tracy Jirikowic, Sarah Westcott McCoy and Jane Latimer
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:193
  23. Approximately 13% of Canadian mothers report difficulty accessing health care for their infants, yet little is known about the factors associated with difficulty. Therefore, we examined factors associated with...

    Authors: Alisa D. Brandon, Christy Costanian, Manal F. El Sayed and Hala Tamim
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:192
  24. Dietary habits established in early childhood and maternal socioeconomic status (SES) are important, complex, interrelated factors that influence a child’s growth and development. The aim of this study was to ...

    Authors: Brandon H. Hidaka, Elizabeth H. Kerling, Jocelynn M. Thodosoff, Debra K. Sullivan, John Colombo and Susan E. Carlson
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:191
  25. A variety of performance outputs are strongly determined by lower limbs volume and composition in children and adolescents. The current study aimed to examine the validity of thigh volume (TV) estimated by ant...

    Authors: Óscar M. Tavares, João Valente-dos-Santos, João P. Duarte, Susana C. Póvoas, Luís A. Gobbo, Rômulo A. Fernandes, Daniel A. Marinho, José M. Casanova, Lauren B. Sherar, Daniel Courteix and Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:190

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Pediatrics 2017 17:62

  26. Renal abscesses are relatively uncommon in children but may result in prolonged hospital stays and life-threatening events. We undertook this study to analyze the clinical spectrum of renal abscesses in childr...

    Authors: Chun-Yu Chen, Huang-Tsung Kuo, Yu-Jun Chang, Kang-Hsi Wu, Wen-Chieh Yang and Han-Ping Wu
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:189
  27. The birth weight reference curve to estimate the newborns at risk in need of assessment and monitoring has been established. The previous reference curves from Indonesia, approximately 8 years ago, were based ...

    Authors: Ekawaty L. Haksari, Harrie N. Lafeber, Mohammad Hakimi, Endy P. Pawirohartono and Lennarth Nyström
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:188
  28. The incidence of childhood obesity has increased progressively and, associated with this, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has often been diagnosed in this age group. To determine the risk factors asso...

    Authors: Deise Rosa Félix, Fabiola Costenaro, Catarina Bertaso Andreatta Gottschall and Gabriela Perdomo Coral
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:187
  29. Crown-heel length (CHL) measurement is influenced by technique, training, experience and subject cooperation. We investigated whether extending one or both of an infant’s legs affects the precision of CHL take...

    Authors: Leila Cheikh Ismail, Fabien A. Puglia, Eric O. Ohuma, Stephen T. Ash, Deborah C. Bishop, Rachel M. Carew, Ayesha Salem Al Dhaheri and Wm. Cameron Chumlea
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:186
  30. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a significant childhood disorder and has a growing prevalence rate across the world. It has been identified in children from a wide range of racial groups, ethnicities and soc...

    Authors: Natalie K. Hutton, Carol Mitchell and Mary van der Riet
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:185
  31. The intestinal microbiota influences metabolic, nutritional, and immunologic processes and has been associated with a broad range of adverse health outcomes including asthma, obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Early...

    Authors: Julia Simioni, Eileen K. Hutton, Elizabeth Gunn, Alison C. Holloway, Jennifer C. Stearns, Helen McDonald, Andrea Mousseau, Jonathan D. Schertzer, Elyanne M. Ratcliffe, Lehana Thabane, Michael G. Surette and Katherine M. Morrison
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:183
  32. The educational and cognitive differences associated with low socioeconomic status begin early in life and tend to persist throughout life. Coupled with the finding that levels of sedentary time are negatively...

    Authors: Rute Santos, Dylan P. Cliff, Steven J. Howard, Sanne L. Veldman, Ian M. Wright, Eduarda Sousa-Sá, João R. Pereira and Anthony D. Okely
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:182
  33. Second-generation antipsychotics are commonly prescribed for pediatric patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders despite their lack of approval for use in children. Although considered a...

    Authors: Eric Druyts, Michael J. Zoratti, Kabirraaj Toor, Ping Wu, Salmaan Kanji, Kiran Rabheru, Edward J. Mills and Kristian Thorlund
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:181
  34. Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) is a mode of assisted mechanical ventilation that delivers inspiratory pressure proportionally to the electrical activity of the diaphragm. To date, no pediatric stu...

    Authors: Jean-Michel Liet, François Barrière, Bénédicte Gaillard-Le Roux, Pierre Bourgoin, Arnaud Legrand and Nicolas Joram
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:180
  35. Late preterm infants account for the majority of preterm births. They are at an increased risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity and are less likely to initiate breastfeeding and to be exclusively breastfed ...

    Authors: Maria Lorella Giannì, Elena Bezze, Patrizio Sannino, Elena Stori, Laura Plevani, Paola Roggero, Massimo Agosti and Fabio Mosca
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:179
  36. Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) have increased requirements for phosphorus and magnesium during recovery. If requirements are not met, the children may develop refeeding hypophosphatemia and hypo...

    Authors: Anne-Louise Hother, Tsinuel Girma, Maren J. H. Rytter, Alemseged Abdissa, Christian Ritz, Christian Mølgaard, Kim F. Michaelsen, André Briend, Henrik Friis and Pernille Kæstel
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:178
  37. Exposure of red blood cells to oxidants increases production of methemoglobin (MHb) resulting in impaired oxygen delivery to tissues. There are no reliable estimates of methemoglobinemia in low resource clinic...

    Authors: Andrea L. Conroy, Michael Hawkes, Kyla Hayford, Laura Hermann, Chloe R. McDonald, Suparna Sharma, Sophie Namasopo, Robert O. Opoka, Chandy C. John, W. Conrad Liles, Christopher Miller and Kevin C. Kain
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:177
  38. In children, the most significant cause of rhabdomyolysis or muscle breakdown is viral infection. However, there are no reports that norovirus, a gastroenteric virus that commonly infects children, specificall...

    Authors: Tomohiro Nishio, Ryoko Yonetani, Eisuke Ito, Makiko Yoneta, Yoshihiro Maruo, Tokiko Yoshida and Tohru Sugimoto
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:176
  39. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have life-long motor disorders, and they are typically subjected to extensive treatment throughout their childhood. Despite this, there is a lack of evidence supporting the ef...

    Authors: Ann-Christin Eliasson, Linda Holmström, Päivikki Aarne, Cecilia Nakeva von Mentzer, Ann-Louise Weiland, Lena Sjöstrand, Hans Forssberg, Kristina Tedroff and Kristina Löwing
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:175
  40. The outcome of preterm infants has been varied in different hospitals and regions in developing countries. Regular clinical monitor are needed to know the effects of health care. This study aimed to describe t...

    Authors: XiangYong Kong, FengDan Xu, Rong Wu, Hui Wu, Rong Ju, XiaoLin Zhao, XiaoMei Tong, HongYan Lv, YanJie Ding, Fang Liu, Ping Xu, WeiPeng Liu, HongBin Cheng, TieQiang Chen, ShuJuan Zeng, WenZheng Jia…
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:174
  41. Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) belongs to a family of rare heterogeneous, genetic disorders characterized by blistering of the skin and mucous membranes in response to minor mechanical trauma. The involvement of t...

    Authors: Rachele De Giuseppe, Greta Venturelli, Sophie Guez, Simona Salera, Claudia De Vita, Dario Consonni, Cinzia Dellanoce, Fabrizia Bamonti, Gabriella Chiarelli, Francesca Manzoni, Rita Maiavacca and Susanna Esposito
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:173
  42. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life threatening hematological disorder associated with severe systemic inflammation caused by an uncontrolled and ineffective immune response resulting in cytokin...

    Authors: Yoshiki Kawamura, Hiroki Miura, Yuji Matsumoto, Hidetoshi Uchida, Kazuko Kudo, Tadayoshi Hata, Yoshinori Ito, Hiroshi Kimura and Tetsushi Yoshikawa
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:172
  43. The new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition, DSM-5) redefined the boundaries of autism as a spectrum. It has been reported that the number of schoolchildren with undiagnosed de...

    Authors: Ayako Ide-Okochi and Etsuko Tadaka
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:171
  44. Pregnancies resulting through oocyte donation have been associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes for the mother, such as gestational hypertensive disorders. However, little is known about possible n...

    Authors: Evangelia Elenis, Gunilla Sydsjö, Alkistis Skalkidou, Claudia Lampic and Agneta Skoog Svanberg
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:170
  45. Australian Aboriginal children experience a disproportionate burden of social and health disadvantage. Avoidable hospitalizations present a potentially modifiable health gap that can be targeted and monitored ...

    Authors: Kathleen Falster, Emily Banks, Sanja Lujic, Michael Falster, John Lynch, Karen Zwi, Sandra Eades, Alastair H. Leyland and Louisa Jorm
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:169
  46. Global childhood mortality rates remain high. Millennium Development Goal 4 focused efforts on reducing rates by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. In Ethiopia, child mortality rates dropped 71 % from 1990 to 2...

    Authors: J. A. Bohn, B. M. Kassaye, D. Record, B. C. Chou, I. L. Kraft, J. C. Purdy, K. A. Hilton, D. A. Miller, S. Getachew, A. Addissie and J. A. Robison
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:168
  47. Evidence for early intensive behavioural interventions (EIBI) by therapists as an effective treatment for children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is growing. High-intensity and sustained delivery of qu...

    Authors: Joanna Granich, Alena Dass, Margherita Busacca, Dennis Moore, Angelika Anderson, Svetha Venkatesh, Thi Duong, Pratibha Vellanki, Amanda Richdale, David Trembath, Darin Cairns, Wendy Marshall, Tania Rodwell, Madeleine Rayner and Andrew J. O. Whitehouse
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:167

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