Table 3 Results of paired t-test and analysis of covariance (covariance) analysis of sleep habits and its sub-scales in both control and experimental groups
From: The effect of exercise on sleep habits of children with type 1 diabetic: a randomized clinical trial
Variable | Pre-test | Post-test | Paired Sample T-Test | ANCOVA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
t | P-value | F | P-value | ||||
Bedtime resistance | Control | 12.83 ± 2.84 | 11.77 ± 1.89 | 1.83 | 0.07 | 40.81 | 0.01 |
Experiment | 11.64 ± 2.56 | 8.51 ± 1.98 | 5.14 | 0.01 | |||
Sleep onset delay | Control | 1.70 ± 0.68 | 1.51 ± 0.81 | -0.96 | 0.235 | 11.41 | 0.01 |
Experiment | 1.77 ± 0.80 | 1.32 ± 0.70 | 2.13 | 0.04 | |||
Sleep duration | Control | 4.56 ± 1.24 | 4.87 ± 1.26 | -0.99 | 0.627 | 3.31 | 0.01 |
Experiment | 4.70 ± 1.37 | 3.80 ± 1.16 | 2.69 | 0.01 | |||
Sleep anxiety | Control | 8.22 ± 2.14 | 7.74 ± 2.33 | 0.86 | 0.39 | 24.36 | 0.01 |
Experiment | 8.32 ± 1.72 | 5.41 ± 1.25 | 7.35 | 0.01 | |||
Night wakings | Control | 5.22 ± 1.05 | 4.83 ± 1.34 | 1.26 | 0.209 | 5.45 | 0.01 |
Experiment | 5.58 ± 1.52 | 4.06 ± 1.15 | 3.85 | 0.01 | |||
Parasomnias | Control | 12.00 ± 1.86 | 11.90 ± 2.76 | 0.16 | 0.063 | 29.32 | 0.01 |
Experiment | 13.77 ± 1.96 | 8.70 ± 1.44 | 11.92 | 0.01 | |||
Sleep-disordered breathing | Control | 4.80 ± 1.35 | 4.38 ± 1.38 | 1.20 | 0.232 | 1.07 | 0.30 |
Experiment | 5.74 ± 1.48 | 4.06 ± 1.06 | 5.09 | 0.01 | |||
Daytime sleepiness | Control | 15.29 ± 2.97 | 15.03 ± 2.77 | 0.53 | 0.59 | 35.51 | 0.01 |
Experiment | 15.83 ± 2.85 | 11.16 ± 1.80 | 7.86 | 0.01 | |||
Sleep habits | Control | 64.41 ± 7.98 | 63.38 ± 5.12 | 1.15 | 0.253 | 144.72 | 0.01 |
Experiment | 73.29 ± 6.70 | 47.06 ± 4.39 | 17.96 | 0.01 | |||