Table 4 Univariate Cox and multinomial logistic regression for nutritional status of patients with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

Demographic data

Male sex

1.07 (0.61–1.66)

0.979

0.85 (0.27–2.68)

0.784

1.17 (0.53–2.58)

0.690

Bahraini nationality

0.3 (0.17–0.54)

< 0.001

58930879.04

1.000

3.98 (1.08–14.65)

0.038

Normal delivery

0.46 (0.1–2.12)

0.316

22198171.35

1.000

0.16 (0.03–0.93)

0.042

Crohn’s disease IBD type

1.95 (1.18–3.23)

0.009

1.21 (0.37–3.93)

0.752

0.47 (0.22–0.99)

0.048

Pre-diagnosis disease duration

1.01 (0.96–1.06)

0.725

1.05 (0.98–1.11)

0.160

1.03 (0.97–1.09)

0.332

Post-diagnosis disease duration

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

< 0.001

1.02 (0.93–1.12)

0.676

1.11 (1.04–1.17)

< 0.001

Age at presentation

0.99 (0.93–1.05)

0.694

0.86 (0.74–1.01)

0.063

1.02 (0.91–1.13)

0.769

Age at follow up

0.81 (0.77–0.86)

< 0.001

0.97 (0.89–1.06)

0.547

1.08 (1.03–1.13)

0.002

Very early onset IBD

0.42 (0.17–1.05)

0.064

6.4 (1.57–26.15)

0.010

1.92 (0.55–6.71)

0.307

Clinical manifestation

Diarrhea

0.52 (0.31–0.89)

0.016

2.0 (0.51–7.83)

0.320

1.67 (0.68–4.12)

0.268

Recurrent abdominal pain

1.09 (0.65–1.82)

0.746

0.57 (0.18–1.78)

0.334

0.8 (0.35–1.82)

0.595

Weight loss

1.7 (1.03–2.8)

0.037

3.33 (0.86–12.92)

0.082

0.37 (0.16–0.85)

0.020

Pallor

1.61 (0.97–2.67)

0.067

0.96 (0.31–3.02)

0.948

1.01 (0.45–2.25)

0.991

Anorexia

1.3 (0.8–2.13)

0.296

0.96 (0.31–3.02)

0.948

0.72 (0.32–1.65)

0.441

Vomiting

1.03 (0.61–1.74)

0.903

1.43 (0.45–4.54)

0.545

0.64 (0.26–1.59)

0.340

Arthralgia

1.12 (0.64–1.94)

0.695

0.72 (0.18–2.87)

0.642

0.99 (0.4–2.46)

0.989

Perianal disease

1.92 (1.06–3.45)

0.031

1.14 (0.32–4.07)

0.844

1.08 (0.43–2.69)

0.873

Fever

1.5 (0.81–2.78)

0.198

0.63 (0.13–3.13)

0.570

0.89 (0.32.-2.47)

0.826

Constipation

1.72 (0.89–3.32)

0.107

0.77 (0.15–3.9)

0.751

0.74 (0.24–2.3)

0.597

Skin rash

2.43 (1.26–4.69)

0.008

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

1.000

0.27 (0.06–1.29)

0.101

Jaundice

0.84 (0.31–2.32)

0.739

2.39 (0.39–14.42)

0.344

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

1.000

Hematemesis

1.5 (0.47–4.82)

0.492

1.5 (0.15–15.51)

0.734

0.55 (0.06–5.51)

0.613

Extraintestinal manifestations

1.44 (0.88–2.35)

0.147

0.32 (0.08–1.24)

0.098

0.8 (0.36–1.79)

0.583

Disease activity at presentation

Moderate

0.8 (0.43–1.48)

0.474

1.93 (0.44–8.49)

0.386

1.65 (0.58–4.69)

0.346

Severe

0.81 (0.44–1.48)

0.490

1.27 (0.27–5.97)

0.765

1.43 (0.5–4.05)

0.507

Growth parameter

Birth weight

1.57 (0.67–3.71)

0.300

0.49 (0.13–1.85)

0.289

1.03 (0.3–3.52)

0.962

Weight at presentation

0.99 (0.97-1.0)

0.129

0.91 (0.84–0.98)

0.015

1.06 (1.02–1.1)

0.002

Height at presentation

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

0.041

0.97 (0.94-1.0)

0.054

1.02 (0.99–1.05)

0.070

BMI at presentation

0.91 (0.86–0.98)

0.009

1.16 (1.04–1.29)

0.006

1.16 (1.04–1.28)

0.005

Laboratory test

Hematocrit %

0.99 (0.97–1.02)

0.684

0.94 (0.89–0.99)

0.034

1.0 (0.96–1.05)

0.895

ESR

1.0 (0.99–1.02)

0.569

1.01 (0.98–1.04)

0.554

1.0 (0.98–1.02)

0.963

CRP

1.0 (0.99–1.01)

0.571

1.01 (0.99–1.02)

0.128

0.99 (0.98–1.01)

0.367

Medical therapy

Prednisolone

1.94 (1.02–3.7)

0.043

3.29 (0.39–27.55)

0.271

0.57 (0.23–1.43)

0.230

Azathioprine

0.94 (0.55–1.61)

0.823

115975454.6

1.000

0.89 (0.39–2.07)

0.799

Mesalazine

0.95 (0.58–1.57)

0.848

0.8 (0.26–2.49)

0.704

1.51 (0.66–3.46)

0.326

Biological therapy

0.66 (0.4–1.1)

0.109

2.85 (0.87–9.31)

0.084

1.23 (0.56–2.72)

0.610

Exclusive enteral nutrition

1.48 (0.64–3.43)

0.360

1.62 (0.29–8.91)

0.582

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

1.000

Omeprazole

1.14 (0.65-2.0)

0.640

2.4 (0.49–11.77)

0.280

0.71 (0.3–1.67)

0.436

Folic acid

1.44 (0.83–2.51)

0.200

2.6 (0.53–12.7)

0.238

0.77 (0.33–1.8)

0.548

Iron supplementation

1.36 (0.82–2.26)

0.237

1.5 (0.46–4.9)

0.502

1.17 (0.53–2.61)

0.698

Vitamin D supplementation

1.29 (0.78–2.13)

0.323

1.88 (0.6–5.9)

0.282

0.98 (0.44–2.16)

0.957

Calcium supplementation

0.68 (0.39–1.18)

0.171

3.09 (0.97–9.83)

0.056

1.92 (0.83–4.41)

0.126

Multivitamins

1.17 (0.68–2.02)

0.576

3.47 (1.08–11.13)

0.036

0.65 (0.26–1.63)

0.358

Ursodeoxycholic acid

0.98 (0.31–3.16)

0.978

1.43 (0.14–14.78)

0.765

0.5 (0.05–4.98)

0.554

Fat soluble vitamins

0.77 (0.19–3.18)

0.722

2.18 (0.18–25.75)

0.537

0.76 (0.07–8.7)

0.827

Other medications

0.35 (0.11–1.12)

0.076

5.0 (0.9-27.82)

0.066

2.78 (0.63–12.32)

0.179