Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

Demographic data

Sex

0.096^*

 Male

84 (64.6)

52 (71.2)

32 (56.1)

 Female

46 (35.4)

21 (28.8)

25 (43.9)

Nationality

1.000^*

 Bahraini

112 (86.2)

63 (86.3)

49 (86.0)

 Non-Bahraini

18 (13.8)

10 (13.7)

8 (14.0)

Age at presentation (yr)

10.9 (9.1–13)

11.4 (9.7–13)

10 (7.5–12.7)

0.034^†

IBD onset (Paris Classification)

0.035^‡

 Infantile (< 2 year)

1 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.8)

 Very-early onset (2 to < 6 year)

15 (11.5)

4 (5.5)

11 (19.3)

 Early onset (6 to < 10 year)

34 (26.2)

18 (24.7)

16 (28.1)

 Late onset (10 to < 18 year)

80 (61.5)

51 (69.9)

29 (50.9)

Post-diagnosis disease duration (yr)

4.8 (1.3–11.1)

3.2 (1.2–8.7)

7.6 (2.5–13.7)

0.017^†

Clinical presentations

120 (92.3)

67 (91.8)

53 (93)

1.000^*

 Diarrhea

86 (71.7)

40 (59.7)

46 (86.8)

0.001^*

 Bloody diarrhea

75 (62.5)

28 (41.8)

47 (88.7)

< 0.001^*

 Recurrent abdominal pain

75 (62.5)

48 (71.6)

27 (50.9)

0.024^*

 Weight loss

60 (50.0)

41 (61.2)

19 (35.8)

0.010^*

 Pallor

49 (40.8)

24 (35.8)

25 (47.2)

0.262^*

 Anorexia

46 (38.3)

29 (43.3)

17 (32.1)

0.258^*

 Vomiting

36 (30.0)

21 (31.3)

15 (28.3)

0.841^*

 Arthralgia

30 (25.0)

16 (23.9)

14 (26.4)

0.833^*

 Perianal disease

28 (23.3)

26 (38.8)

2 (3.8)

< 0.001^*

 Fever

22 (18.3)

13 (19.4)

9 (17)

0.815^*

 Constipation

18 (15.0)

14 (20.9)

4 (7.5)

0.061^*

 Skin rash

12 (10.0)

8 (11.9)

5 (9.4)

0.772^*

 Jaundice

6.0 (5.0)

2 (3.0)

4 (7.5)

0.404^*

 Hematemesis

5 (4.2)

2 (3.0)

3 (5.7)

0.654^*

 Extraintestinal manifestations^a

47 (36.2)

24 (35.3)

18 (34.0)

0.852^*

Laboratory markers

 Hematocrit (%), (n = 127)

30.9 (26.4–36)

30.9 (25.8–37.2)

30.3 (26.6–35.7)

0.553^†

 ESR (mm/h), (n = 120)

25 (15-44.8)

27 (15–46)

20 (13–44)

0.434^†

 CRP (mg/dL), (n = 118)

13.9 (1.6–48.2)

34.5 (7.4–65)

3.6 (1.0-17.5)

< 0.001^†

Disease activity at presentation (n = 121)

< 0.001^‡

 Mild

30 (24.8)

26 (38.2)

4 (7.5)

 Moderate

45 (37.2)

17 (25.0)

28 (52.8)

 Severe

46 (38)

36.8 (36.8)

21 (39.6)

Medications used

119 (91.5)

65 (89%)

54 (94.7)

0.346^*

 Prednisolone

94 (79.0)

54 (83.1)

40 (74.1)

0.263^*

 Omeprazole

86 (72.3)

45 (69.2)

41 (75.9)

0.538^*

 Azathioprine

85 (71.4)

54 (83.1)

31 (57.4)

0.002^*

 Folic acid

85 (71.4)

46 (70.8)

31 (57.4)

1.000^*

 Mesalazine

73 (61.3)

31 (47.7)

42 (77.8)

0.001^*

 Iron supplementation

71 (59.7)

35 (53.8)

36 (66.7)

0.190^*

 Vitamin D supplementation

55 (46.2)

34 (52.3)

21 (38.9)

0.196^*

 Biological therapy

55 (46.2)

38 (58.5)

17 (31.5)

0.005^*

 Calcium supplementation

42 (35.3)

25 (38.5)

17 (31.5)

0.448^*

 Multivitamins

37 (31.1)

21 (32.3)

16 (29.6)

0.843^*

 H2 blockers

6.0 (5.0)

1 (1.5)

5 (9.3)

0.090^*

 Ursodeoxycholic acid

5.0 (4.2)

0 (0.0)

5 (9.3)

0.017^*

 Fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)

4.0 (3.4)

0 (0.0)

4 (7.4)

0.040^*

 Vitamin B12 supplementation

3.0 (2.5)

0 (0.0)

3 (5.6)

0.091^*

 Other medications^b

11 (9.2)

7 (9.6)

4 (7.0)

0.752^*

 Exclusive enteral nutrition

8 (6.2)

6 (8.2)

2 (3.5)

0.465^*