Table 1 Clinical features and outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant encephalopathy and the non-encephalopathy group

Age (year), mean ± SD

5.1 ± 3.4

2.6 ± 1.8

0.0049^*

Sex (male) — n (%)

9 (64.3%)

65 (63.7%)

0.3333

Febrile seizure history— n (%)

3 (21.4%)

21 (20.6%)

 > 0.9999

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination history – n (%)

1 (7.1%)

6 (1%)

 > 0.9999

Vital sign (mean ± SD)

 Bradycardia n(%)

4 (28.6%)

0 (0%)

0.0001

 Hypotension n (%)

2 (14.3%)

0 (0%)

0.0136

 BT (°C)

39.6 ± 1.3^A

39.5 ± 0.8^a

0.6476

 HR initial (beats/min)

129 ± 42^A

155 ± 26^a

0.0261^*

 RR initial (breaths/min)

22 ± 3.2^A

25 ± 3.4^a

0.5842

 SBP initial (mmHg)

106 ± 28^B

112 ± 19^b

0.2311

 DBP initial (mmHg)

61 ± 30^B

75 ± 20^b

0.0741

Systems Involvement — n (%)

 Respiratory

7 (50.0%)

64 (62.7%)

0.3912

 Gastrointestinal

6 (42.9%)

26 (25.5)

0.2056

 Cardiovascular ‡

3 (21.4%)

0 (0%)

0.0014^*

 No. of involved system

2

2

0.1328

 Interval between fever and seizure (days) (mean ± SD)

1.6 ± 1.4

0.7 ± 0.9

0.0013^*

Seizure types — n (%)

 GTCs

12(85.7%)

87(85.3%)

 > 0.9999

 Focal seizure

2 (14.3%)

2(2.0%)

0.0708

 Cluster (> 1 in 24 h)

7 (50.0%)

17 (16.7%)

0.0090^*

 Status Epilepticus

7(50.0%)

14 (13.7%)

0.0037^*

 Prolong (> 15 min)

3(21.4%)

2 (2.0%)

0.0123^*

Encephalopathy — n (%)

 Initial GCS (mean)

11.7

14.9

 < 0.0001^*

 Conscious disturbance^§

11 (78.6%)

3 (2.9%)

 < 0.0001^*

 Disorientation

3 (21.4%)

0 (0%)

0.0014^*

 Hallucination

4 (28.6%)

0 (0%)

0.0001^*

 Acute psychosis

2 (21.4%)

0 (0%)

0.0136^*

Initial Severity — n (%)

 < 0.0001^*

 Discharge from ED

1 (7.1%)

66 (64.7%)

 Admission to Ward

5 (35.7%)

36 (35.3%)

 Admission to ICU

8 (57.1%)

0 (0%)

Outcome — n (%)

 < 0.0001^*

 Full recovered

9 (64.3%)

100 (98.0%)

 Neurological Sequelae^&

4 (28.6%)

2 (2.0%)

 Death ††

1(7.1%)

0 (0%)

Laboratory (mean ± SD)

 WBC (/μL)

7142 ± 3477

7848 ± 3306

0.1957

 CRP (mg/L)

3.9 ± 5.3

4.3 ± 6.5

0.2808

 Sugar (mg/dL)

146 ± 35.6

108 ± 24.2

0.0229^*

 pH

7.29 ± 0.11

7.39 ± 0.06

0.0018^*

 pCO₂ (mmHg)

40.2 ± 8.9

35.9 ± 7.2

0.0780

 HCO3⁻(mmHg)

19.5 ± 5.3

20.7 ± 2.2

0.9180