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Table 3 Number and characteristics of viral and bacterial co-detection for analysed samples in pre-pandemic and pandemic periods (BPP: Bordetella parapertussis; BP: Bordetella pertussis; CP: Chlamydophila pneumonia; HI: Haemophilus influenza; LP: Legionella pneumophila; MP: Mycoplasma pneumonia; SP: Streptococcus pneumonia)

From: The impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on community non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections in preschool children

 

Pre-pandemic Period

Pandemic period

Samples with ≥ 1 detected virus

Total number / all valid samples (%)

390/455 (85.7)

216/261 (82.8)

Average number of detected viruses per sample (95% CI)

1.8 (1.7–1.9)

1.2 (1.1–1.3)

Number of detected viruses per sample (%)

  

1

168 (43.1)

170 (78.7)

2

137 (35.1)

41 (19.0)

3

66 (16.9)

5 (2.3)

4

15 (3.8)

0 (0.0)

5

3 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

6

1 (0.3)

0 (0.0)

Samples with only bacterial presence

Total number / all valid samples (%)

58/455 (12.7)

29/261 (11.1)

Number of samples with SP

21 (36.2)

8 (27.6)

Number of samples with HI

5 (8.6)

6 (20.7)

Number of samples with SP + HI

30 (51.7)

15 (51.7)

Number of samples with BPP

2 (3.4)

0 (0.0)

Samples with only viral presence

  

Total number / all valid samples (%)

17/455 (3.7)

40/261 (15.3)

Samples with viral and bacterial presence

Total number / all valid samples (%)

373/455 (81.9)

176/261 (67.4)

Virus + HI

68 (18.2)

30 (17.0)

Virus + SP

25 (6.7)

38 (21.6)

Virus + SP + HI

270 (72.4)

107 (60.8)

Virus + BPP

2 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

Virus + BPP/MP + HI

2 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

Virus + BPP/MP + HI + SP

6 (1.6)

1 (0.6)