Table 1 Sociodemographic and other characteristics of the participants

Sex

< 0.001

 Male

190 (64.6%)

34 (17.9%)

156 (82.1%)

 Female

104 (35.4%)

89 (85.6%)

15 (14.4%)

Smokers inside the house

< 0.001

 No

94 (32.0%)

22 (23.4%)

72 (76.6%)

 Yes

200 (68.0%)

101 (50.5%)

99 (49.5%)

Cigarette smoking

0.001

 No

194 (66.0%)

94 (48.5%)

100 (51.5%)

 Yes

100 (34.0%)

29 (29.0%)

71 (71.0%)

Warning efficacious to stop smoking

0.456

 Not at all

164 (55.8%)

66 (40.2%)

98 (59.8%)

 A little

86 (29.3%)

34 (39.5%)

52 (60.5%)

 Moderately

33 (11.2%)

18 (54.5%)

15 (45.5%)

 Very

11 (3.7%)

5 (45.5%)

6 (54.5%)

Been affected by warnings on tumbac boxes

0.455

 No

223 (75.9%)

96 (43.0%)

127 (57.0%)

 Yes

71 (24.1%)

27 (38.0%)

44 (62.0%)

Importance of health warnings on tumbac boxes

0.331

 Not at all

27 (9.2%)

15 (55.6%)

12 (44.4%)

 A little

76 (25.9%)

28 (36.8%)

48 (63.2%)

 Moderately

99 (33.7%)

44 (44.4%)

55 (55.6%)

 Very

92 (31.3%)

36 (39.1%)

56 (60.9%)

Warnings increased curiosity for information about how to stop waterpipe smoking

0.073

 Not at all

95 (32.3%)

43 (45.3%)

52 (54.7%)

 A little

98 (33.3%)

47 (48.0%)

51 (52.0%)

 Moderately

55 (18.7%)

21 (38.2%)

34 (61.8%)

 Very

46 (15.6%)

12 (26.1%)

34 (73.9%)

Pictorial warnings are more effective than textual ones in your opinion

0.256

 No

76 (25.9%)

36 (47.4%)

40 (52.6%)

 Yes

218 (74.1%)

87 (39.9%)

131 (60.1%)

Consider changing tumbac brand if company uses pictorial warnings

0.349

 No

108 (36.7%)

49 (45.4%)

59 (54.6%)

 Yes

186 (63.3%)

74 (39.8%)

112 (60.2%)

Choice of warnings

0.214

 Textual only

50 (17.0%)

19 (38.0%)

31 (62.0%)

 Pictorial only

26 (8.8%)

15 (57.7%)

11 (42.3%)

 Textual and pictorial

218 (74.1%)

89 (40.8%)

129 (59.2%)

Motivation to Stop Scale categories

0.024

 No motivation to quit

128 (43.5%)

63 (49.2%)

65 (50.8%)

 Motivated to quit

166 (56.5%)

60 (36.1%)

106 (63.9%)

Age (years)

17.71 ± 0.81

17.41 ± 0.97

17.92 ± 0.58

< 0.001

Household crowding index (person/room)

1.38 ± 0.81

1.27 ± 0.62

1.45 ± 0.92

0.045

Physical activity index

27.05 ± 20.91

25.02 ± 21.43

28.51 ± 20.59

0.160

Number of smokers in the house

1.92 ± 1.36

2.36 ± 1.61

1.60 ± 1.04

< 0.001

Psychological distress

8.98 ± 6.10

9.37 ± 6.47

8.70 ± 5.82

0.358

Waterpipe harm perception

12.37 ± 3.23

12.15 ± 3.26

12.54 ± 3.21

0.306

Knowledge about waterpipe

29.66 ± 5.93

29.00 ± 6.25

30.13 ± 5.67

0.106

Attitude towards waterpipe

29.24 ± 7.18

28.41 ± 7.51

29.85 ± 6.88

0.089

Cigarette dependence

1.58 ± 2.80

1.12 ± 2.48

1.91 ± 2.97

0.014

Waterpipe dependence

12.49 ± 6.71

12.51 ± 6.75

12.47 ± 6.69

0.956