Table 3 Comparison of trend of changes in mean scores of NIPS, SPO2 and heart rate in 5 min before, during, and 5 min after heel lance in the intervention and the control groups

NIPS

Before heel lance

00.00 ± 00.00

00.00 ± 00.00

0.001

During heel lance

3.55 ± 0.84

5.57 ± 0.95

0.001

After heel lance

1.15 ± 0.66

3.00 ± 0.98

0.001

P**

0.001

0.001

SPO₂

(%)

Before heel lance

96.72 ± 0.93

96.60 ± 0.84

0.53

During heel lance

91.47 ± 1.46

91.50 ± 1.24

0.93

After heel lance

93.60 ± 1.27

94.17 ± 1.03

0.03

P**

0.001

0.001

Heart rate

(min)

Before heel lance

127.57 ± 4.45

127.67 ± 4.57

0.27

During heel lance

131.07 ± 6.54

136.07 ± 7.24

0.002

After heel lance

128.45 ± 5.15

132.42 ± 6.47

0.003

P**

0.001

0.001