Table 2 Comparison of mean scores of NIPS, SPO2, and heart rate before, during and after heel lance in the intervention and the control groups
Variables | Time | Intervention group | (95%) Confidence Interval | Control group | (95%) Confidence Interval | F | t | df | P* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Lower | Upper | Mean ± SD | Lower | Upper | ||||||
NIPS | Before heel lance | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | - | 78 | 0.001 |
During heel lance | 3.55 ± 0.84 | 3.30 | 3.80 | 5.57 ± 0.95 | 5.30 | 5.85 | 0382 | -10.230 | 78 | 0.001 | |
After heel lance | 1.15 ± 0.84 | 0.95 | 1.35 | 3.00 ± 0.98 | 2.70 | 3.30 | 5.004 | -9.844 | 78 | 0.001 | |
SPO2 (%) | Before heel lance | 96.72 ± 0.93 | 96.42 | 97.00 | 96.60 ± 0.84 | 96.35 | 96.85 | 0.566 | 5.629 | 78 | 0.53 |
During heel lance | 91.47 ± 1.46 | 91.05 | 91.92 | 91.50 ± 1.24 | 91.12 | 91.87 | 0.916 | -0.082 | 78 | 0.93 | |
After heel lance | 93.60 ± 1.27 | 93.22 | 94.00 | 94.17 ± 1.03 | 93.85 | 94.50 | 2.441 | -2.212 | 78 | 0.03 | |
Heart rate (min) | Before heel lance | 127.57 ± 4.45 | 126.27 | 128.99 | 128.67 ± 4.57 | 127.32 | 130.07 | 0.033 | -1.089 | 78 | 0.27 |
During heel lance | 131.07 ± 6.54 | 129.20 | 133.22 | 136.07 ± 7.24 | 133.90 | 138.37 | 0.501 | -3.240 | 78 | 0.002 | |
After heel lance | 128.45 ± 5.15 | 127.02 | 130.07 | 132.42 ± 6.47 | 130.37 | 134.49 | 2.732 | -3.036 | 78 | 0.003 | |