Table 3 Risk of bias of included studies
Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Randomized Studies 2 (RoB 2) | |||||||||
Studies | Randomization Process | deviations from intended interventions | missing outcome data | measurement of the outcome | selection of the reported result | Overall risk of bias | |||
Hassan A. (2023) [22] | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | High | |||
Nasrolahei Sh. (2023) [23] | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | High | |||
Mohammadi E. (2021) [16] | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | |||
Qurat-ul-Ain (2021) | High | High | Low | High | Low | High | |||
El-Sayed Y. (2023) [17] | Some concerns | High | Low | High | Low | High | |||
Maher M. (2019) [26] | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | |||
The Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS) | |||||||||
Studies | Selection of participants | Confounding variables | Measurement of exposure | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective outcome reporting | Overall | ||
Singh Sh. (2023) [24] | unclear | unclear | low | unclear | low | low | high | ||