Table 2 Correlation between country-level indicators and orofacial clefts 1990–2019 prevalence and rate of disability-adjusted life years

Male

DALYs

Crude β

0.41

-0.46

-0.54

0.09

-0.15

Adjusted β

-0.42

-0.049

-0.53

0.39

-0.076

Std Error

3.56

3.25

2.7

5.02

0.019

P-value*

0.10

0.002

0.00

0.023

0.082

Prevalence

Crude β

-0.25

0.539

0.55

0.19

-0.52

Adjusted β

-1.86

-0.64

0.20

1.54

-0.07

Std Error

23.71

21.64

17.93

33.38

0.13

P-value*

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.09

Female

DALYs

Crude β

0.48

-0.68

-0.33

0.06

-0.42

Adjusted β

0.48

-0.35

-0.1

-0.39

-0.311

Std Error

6.69

6.1

5.06

9.42

0.03

P-value*

0.036

0.027

0.034

0.00

0.00

Prevalence

Crude β

-0.05

0.33

0.50

0.30

-0.07

Adjusted β

-2.07

-0.98

0.24

1.78

-0.03

Std Error

19.83

18.1

15

27.92

0.10

P-value*

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.44

Both gender

DALYs

Crude β

0.50

-0.71

-0.46

0.08

-0.40

Adjusted β

0.25

-0.37

-0.28

-0.18

-0.266

Std Error

4.04

3.69

0.022

5.69

0.022

P-value*

0.245

0.004

0.00

0.253

0.00

Prevalence

Crude β

-0.20

0.50

0.54

0.22

-0.06

Adjusted β

-1.75

-0.62

0.21

1.50

0.066

Std Error

22.15

20.22

16.76

31.19

0.122

P-value*

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.13