Table 3 Relative Risks for Incident MAM by Participant Characteristics (n = 3535)

Country

 India

Ref

Ref

 Tanzania

0.62 (0.40, 0.94)

0.02

0.67 (0.45, 1.01)

0.06

Maternal age > 25 years

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.14 (0.75, 1.73))

0.55

Maternal education > 7 years

 No

Ref

 Yes

0.99 (0.65, 1.50

0.95

Child age, month

 6- < 12

Ref

Ref

 12 to < 24

1.86 (1.07, 3.21)

0.03

1.24 (0.74, 2.07)

0.41

 24 to < 60

0.97 (0.54, 1.74)

0.92

0.48 (0.27, 0.85)

0.01

Child sex

 Female

Ref

 Male

1.01 (0.66, 1.53)

0.97

Breast-feeding before enrolment

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.29 (0.84, 1.98)

0.24

Household wealth index above median

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.02 (0.67, 1.55)

0.92

Duration of diarrhoea before enrolment

  <  = 24 h

Ref

 25 to 48 h

0.79 (0.29, 2.13)

0.64

 49 to < 72 h

0.71 (0.23, 2.19)

0.55

Dysentery

 No

Ref

 Yes

0.89 (0.28, 2.78)

0.84

Dehydration

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.04 (0.15, 7.30)

0.97

Axillary temperature > 38 °C

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.62 (0.61, 4.34)

0.33

Observed respiratory rate > 40 breaths/min

 No

Ref

 Yes

0.77 (0.28, 2.07)

0.60

Cough or difficulty breathing

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.00 (0.63, 1.59)

1.00

Previous use of antibiotic agent

 No

Ref

 Yes

Non-estimable due to zero

Plasma zinc concentration at enrolment < 65 µg/dl

 No

Ref

 Yes

0.65 (0.27, 1.56)

0.34

 Weight-for-Height z-score at enrolment

0.07 (0.04, 0.11)

 < 0.001

0.07 (0.04, 0.11)

 < 0.001

 Duration of episode, days

  < 3

Ref

 3–5

1.04 (0.67, 1.60)

0.87

  > 5

0.88 (0.35, 2.19)

0.79

Number of loose or watery stools after enrolment*

  < 7

Ref

 7–9

1.10 (0.57, 2.14)

0.78

 10–12

0.95 (0.55, 1.65)

0.86

  > 12

0.83 (0.48, 1.40)

0.48

Dose of Zinc intervention

 20 mg

Ref

 10 mg

1.31 (0.81, 2.12)

0.27

 5 mg

0.73 (0.42, 1.28)

0.27

Improved water

 No

Ref

 Yes

0.64 (0.09, 4.40)

0.62