Table 2 Relative Risks for Prevalent MAM by Baseline Participant Characteristics (n = 4453)

Country

 India

Ref

Ref

 Tanzania

0.41 (0.35, 0.49)

 < 0.001

0.37 (0.30, 0.44)

 < 0.001

Maternal age > 25 years

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.82 (0.70, 0.95)

0.008

0.92 (0.80, 1.07)

0.30

Maternal education > 7 years

 No

Ref

 Yes

0.94 (0.80, 1.09)

0.39

Child age, month

 6- < 12

Ref

Ref

 12 to < 24

0.85 (0.71, 1.02

0.07

0.83 (0.70, 0.99)

0.04

 24 to < 60

0.57 (0.48, 0.69)

 < 0.001

0.46 (0.38, 0.56)

 < 0.001

Child sex

 Female

Ref

 Male

0.96 (0.83, 1.12)

0.61

Household wealth index above median

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.78 (0.67, 0.91)

0.002

0.79 (0.68, 0.92)

0.002

Breast-feeding before enrolment

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.33 (1.14, 1.55)

 < 0.001

Duration of diarrhoea before enrolment

  <  = 24 h

Ref

Ref

 25 to 48 h

0.86 (0.60, 1.23)

0.40

0.79 (0.55, 1.13)

0.20

 49 to < 72 h

0.67 (0.44, 1.02)

0.06

0.93 (0.60, 1.42)

0.72

Dysentery

 No

Ref

 Yes

0.81 (0.52, 1.26)

0.35

Dehydration

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.35 (0.76, 2.37)

0.30

Axillary temperature > 38 °C

 No

Ref

 Yes

0.86 (0.52, 1.41)

0.55

Observed respiratory rate > 40 breaths/min

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.61 (0.41, 0.93)

0.02

0.72 (0.47, 1.10)

0.13

Cough or difficulty breathing

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.29 (1.10, 1.51)

0.001

1.04 (0.89, 1.22)

0.60

Previous use of antibiotic agent

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.26 (0.80, 1.98)

0.32

Plasma zinc concentration at enrolment < 65 µg/dl

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.79 (0.59, 1.04)

0.09

1.13 (0.86, 1.49)

0.38

Improved water

 No

Ref

 Yes

0.66 (0.34, 1.29)

0.23

 Improved sanitation

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.24 (0.43, 3.64)

0.69