Table 1 Comparation between asthma group and non-asthma group in characteristics of children and adolescents
From: Multivitamin consumption and childhood asthma: a cross-sectional study of the NHANES database
Variables | Total (n=4715) | Asthma (n=487) | Non-asthma (n=4228) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, year, Mean (S.E) | 10.10 (0.10) | 10.59 (0.25) | 10.04 (0.11) | 0.054 |
Age, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.017 |
 2-6 | 1434 (26.9) | 104 (19.6) | 1330 (27.7) |  |
 7-11 | 1544 (29.4) | 193 (33.7) | 1351 (28.9) |  |
 12-17 | 1737 (43.7) | 190 (46.7) | 1547 (43.4) |  |
Gender, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.107 |
 Male | 2348 (50.5) | 275 (55.3) | 2073 (50.0) |  |
 Female | 2367 (49.5) | 212 (44.7) | 2155 (50.0) |  |
Race, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 White | 1482 (53.2) | 138 (48.2) | 1344 (53.8) |  |
 Black | 1065 (13.0) | 161 (20.9) | 904 (12.1) |  |
 Other | 2168 (33.8) | 188 (30.9) | 1980 (34.1) |  |
PIR, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.223 |
 < 1 | 1226 (19.6) | 144 (23.3) | 1082 (19.2) |  |
 ≥ 1 | 3101 (73.9) | 302 (70.0) | 2799 (74.3) |  |
 Unknown | 388 (6.6) | 41 (6.7) | 347 (6.6) |  |
Household smoke exposure, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.399 |
 Yes | 1352 (27.1) | 149 (29.1) | 1203 (26.9) |  |
 No | 109 (1.8) | 13 (2.6) | 96 (1.7) |  |
 Unknown | 3254 (71.1) | 325 (68.3) | 2929 (71.4) |  |
Family history of asthma, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Yes | 1195 (27.0) | 270 (55.3) | 925 (23.9) |  |
 No | 2306 (50.5) | 129 (27.8) | 2177 (53.0) |  |
 Unknown | 1214 (22.5) | 88 (16.9) | 1126 (23.1) |  |
Physical activity, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.645 |
 Not ideal | 1265 (24.5) | 131 (23.3) | 1134 (24.7) |  |
 Ideal | 1749 (32.8) | 170 (31.2) | 1579 (33.0) |  |
 Unknown | 1701 (42.7) | 186 (45.5) | 1515 (42.4) |  |
Sedentary time, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.991 |
 < 3 | 867 (18.7) | 81 (18.4) | 786 (18.7) |  |
 3-6 | 1078 (20.4) | 122 (20.2) | 956 (20.5) |  |
 ≥ 6 | 1950 (39.5) | 204 (40.5) | 1746 (39.4) |  |
 Unknown | 820 (21.4) | 80 (21.0) | 740 (21.4) |  |
Pregnant smoking, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.217 |
 Yes | 487 (10.6) | 64 (13.0) | 423 (10.4) |  |
 No | 3580 (73.2) | 360 (72.4) | 3220 (73.3) |  |
 Unknown | 648 (16.2) | 63 (14.6) | 585 (16.3) |  |
Breast feeding, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.003 |
 No | 343 (5.7) | 24 (3.3) | 319 (5.9) |  |
 Yes | 1091 (21.2) | 80 (16.3) | 1011 (21.8) |  |
 Unknown | 3281 (73.1) | 383 (80.4) | 2898 (72.3) |  |
Low birth weight, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 No | 3399 (70.5) | 323 (65.8) | 3076 (71.0) |  |
 Yes | 572 (11.1) | 93 (16.8) | 479 (10.5) |  |
 Unknown | 744 (18.4) | 71 (17.4) | 673 (18.5) |  |
Vitamin A, mcg, Mean (S.E) | 591.13 (12.68) | 589.42 (29.91) | 591.32 (12.34) | 0.944 |
Vitamin C, mg, Mean (S.E) | 69.53 (2.22) | 77.53 (4.29) | 68.65 (2.23) | 0.032 |
Vitamin D, mcg, Mean (S.E) | 5.05 (0.14) | 4.81 (0.25) | 5.08 (0.14) | 0.216 |
Vitamin E, mg, Mean (S.E) | 8.25 (0.24) | 8.31 (0.32) | 8.25 (0.25) | 0.840 |
Vitamin B1, mg, Mean (S.E) | 1.52 (0.01) | 1.58 (0.05) | 1.52 (0.01) | 0.177 |
Vitamin B2, mg, Mean (S.E) | 1.85 (0.02) | 1.88 (0.06) | 1.85 (0.02) | 0.615 |
Niacin, mg, Mean (S.E) | 21.34 (0.27) | 23.01 (1.06) | 21.15 (0.25) | 0.081 |
Vitamin B6, mg, Mean (S.E)) | 1.70 (0.03) | 1.77 (0.08) | 1.69 (0.03) | 0.314 |
Vitamin B12, mcg, Mean (S.E) | 5.62 (0.12) | 5.47 (0.29) | 5.64 (0.12) | 0.569 |
Folic acid, mcg, Mean (S.E) | 202.71 (3.20) | 221.16 (12.42) | 200.67 (3.34) | 0.125 |
Choline, mg, Mean (S.E) | 248.44 (3.49) | 254.66 (11.34) | 247.76 (3.58) | 0.557 |
Vitamin K, mcg, Mean (S.E) | 67.22 (1.76) | 64.78 (3.53) | 67.49 (1.81) | 0.440 |
BMI Z-score, Mean (S.E) | 0.62 (0.03) | 0.90 (0.07) | 0.59 (0.03) | <0.001 |
Energy intake, kcal, Mean (S.E) | 1905.24 (15.23) | 2037.80 (60.20) | 1890.63 (13.96) | 0.018 |