Table 1 Biometric, somatic and bones characteristics

Age (years)

16.05 ± 1.02

15.9 ± 1.1

16.2 ± 0.9

0.093

0.300

Somatic and body composition

 Weight (kg)

67.5 ± 7.5

64.9 ± 5.3

69.6 ± 8,3

0.000**

0.691

 Height (cm)

172.0 ± 6.3

169.8 ± 5.0

173.7 ± 6.6

0.000**

0.672

 BMI (kg/m²)

22.8 ± 2.4

22.5 ± 1.6

23.1 ± 2.9

0.199

0.267

 Fat (%)

14.9 ± 2.9

14.5 ± 1.9

15.2 ± 3.5

0.156

0.259

Bone

 BMD dis (g/cm²)

0.439 ± 0.117

0.502 ± 0.101

0.389 ± 0.104

0.000**

1.102

 BMC dis (g)

1.724 ± 0.548

2.006 ± 0.381

1.500 ± 0.560

0.000**

1.075

 T-score dis

0.085 ± 1.490

1.216 ± 1.180

-0.817 ± 1.024

0.000**

1.845

 Z-score dis

0.218 ± 1.297

1.170 ± 1.074

-0.540 ± 0.902

0.000**

1.731

 % age matched dis

98.9 ± 19.8

112.8 ± 16.8

87.9 ± 14.5

0.000**

1.591

 BMD prox (g/cm²)

0.787 ± 0.206

0.909 ± 0.151

0.690 ± 0.192

0.000**

1.277

 BMC prox (g)

2.243 ± 0.673

2.659 ± 0.574

1.911 ± 0.553

0.000**

1.327

 T-score prox

-0.963 ± 1.472

0.224 ± 0.909

-1.910 ± 1.102

0.000**

2.122

 Z-score prox

-0.576 ± 1.361

0.669 ± 0.938

-1.568 ± 0.633

0.000**

2.848

 % age matched prox

85.8 ± 13.1

96.9 ± 9.1

77.0 ± 8.3

0.000**

2.287

PA and sedentary behaviour

 MVPA (min/day)

53.5 ± 49.5

97.4 ± 42.9

18.6 ± 13.7

0.000**

2.784

 MVPA (%)

3.7 ± 3.4

6.8 ± 2.9

1.3 ± 0.9

0.000**

2.895

 SIT time (h/day)

6.2 ± 1.7

4.5 ± 0.6

7.4 ± 1.1

0.000**

3.412

 SIT time (%)

25.6 ± 7.1

18.9 ± 2.7

31.0 ± 2.9

0.000**

4.321

Eating habits

 Number of meals (n/day)

3.9 ± 1.0

4.5 ± 0.7

3.5 ± 0.9

0.000**

1.250

 Dairy products (n/day)

1.7 ± 1.5

2.3 ± 1.3

1.1 ± 1.4

0.000**

0.889

 Calcium intake (mg/day)

371.5 ± 129.7

431.8 ± 93.0

323.5 ± 135.2

0.000**

0.949

 Protein intake (g/person/day)

56.9 ± 34.9

62.3 ± 8.4

46.9 ± 10.2

0.000**

1.656

 Vitamin D intake (µg/day)

2.8 ± 0.8

3.44 ± 0.82

2.32 ± 0.43

0.000**

1.792

 Phosphorus intake (mg/day)

1210.4 ± 171.1

1137.1 ± 109.5

1268.9 ± 189.7

0.000**

0.881