Table 4 Multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis of individual and community-level factors associated with UFC among children aged 6–23 months in SSA countries

Maternal age

15–24 years

1.12 (0.97, 1.29)

1.12 (0.97, 1.30)

25–34 years

1.01 (0.87, 1.15)

1.01 (0.87, 1.16)

35–49 years

1

1

Maternal educational level

No formal education

0.36 (0.29, 0.45)*

0.37 (0.30, 0.46)*

Primary

0.56 (0.50, 0.62)*

0.56 (0.50, 0.62)*

Secondary and above

1

1

Marital status of the mother

Married

1

1

Unmarried

1.19 (1.06, 1.34)*

1.19 (1.05, 1.34)*

Maternal occupation

Not working

0.91 (0.82, 1.01)

0.90 (0.81, 1.01)

Working

1

1

Exposure to media

Yes

1

1

No

0.65 (0.58, 0.74)*

0.64 (0.56, 0.72)*

Wealth index

Poor

1

1

Middle

1.11 (0.96, 1.27)

1.09 (0.94, 1.25)

Rich

1.25 (1.11, 1.41)*

1.20 (1.05, 1.37)*

Place of delivery

Home

0.73 (0.62, 0.86)*

0.74 (0.62, 0.87)*

Health facility

1

1

Attended 4 + ANC visits

Yes

1

1

No

0.92 (0.83, 1.02)

0.92 (0.83, 1.02)

PNC checkup

Yes

1

1

No

0.66 (0.60, 0.73)*

0.66 (0.60, 0.73)*

Age of child

6–8 months

1

1

9–11 months

2.01 (1.64, 2.45)*

2.00 (1.64, 2.45)*

12–17 months

2.80 (2.34, 3.35)*

2.80 (2.34, 3.34)*

18–23 months

3.88 (3.25, 4.63)*

3.88 (3.25, 4.63)*

Sex of child

Male

0.93 (0.84, 1.02)

0.93 (0.84, 1.02)

Female

1

1

Place of residence

Rural

1

1

Urban

1.56 (1.40, 1.74)*

1.07 (0.94, 1.21)

Community media exposure

Low

1.01 (0.90, 1.15)

1.18 (1.04, 1.34)*

High

1

1

Community poverty

Low

1

1

High

0.86 (0.76, 0.97)*

0.92 (0.81, 1.05)

Community literacy

Low

0.79 (0.69, 0.89)*

0.93 (0.81, 1.06)

High

1

1