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Table 2 Difference between the groups in terms of different parameters

From: Clinical manifestations and EEG findings in children infected with COVID-19 and exhibiting neurological symptoms

Variable

  

Normal EEG

 

Abnormal EEG

 

P

Gender

Male

 

58

(67.44%)

 

19

(48.72%)

 

0.046

Female

 

28

(32.56%)

 

20

(51.28%)

  

Age ( Mean ± SD, year)

  

4.38 ± 3.10

 

7.11 ± 3.44

 

< 0.001

Fever

  

75

(87.21%)

 

29

(74.36%)

 

0.075

Consciousness

Normal

 

83

(96.51%)

 

33

(84.62%)

 

0.017

Abnormal

 

3

(3.49%)

 

6

(15.38%)

  

Brain image

Normal

 

25

(80.65%)

N = 31

15

(75.00%)

N = 20

0.632

Abnormal

 

6

(19.35%)

N = 31

5

(25.00%)

N = 20

 

Diagnosis

Epilepsy

No

75

(87.21%)

 

27

(69.23%)

 

0.016

 

Yes

11

(12.79%)

 

12

(30.77%)

  

Febrile seizures

No

43

(50.00%)

 

31

(79.49%)

 

0.002

 

Yes

43

(50.00%)

 

8

(20.51%)

  

Complex febrile seizures

No

64

(74.42%)

 

32

(82.05%)

 

0.349

 

Yes

22

(25.58%)

 

7

(17.95%)

  

Febrile seizures plus

No

83

(96.51%)

 

38

(97.44%)

 

0.786

 

Yes

3

(3.49%)

 

1

(2.56%)

  

Epileptic seizures

No

82

(95.35%)

 

36

(92.31%)

 

0.493

 

Yes

4

(4.65%)

 

3

(7.69%)

  

Encephalitis/encephalopathy

No

86

(100.00%)

 

35

(89.74%)

 

0.003

 

Yes

0

(0.00%)

 

4

(10.26%)

  

Clinical seizure

  

84

(97.67%)

 

38

(97.44%)

 

0.936

Form of seizure

Generalized clinical

81

(96.43%)

N = 84

31

(81.58%)

N = 38

0.006

Focal clinical

 

3

(3.57%)

N = 84

7

(18.42%)

N = 38

 

Presence of status epilepticus

  

3

(3.49%)

 

3

(7.69%)

 

0.308

Increased frequency of seizures

  

11

(28.95%)

N = 38

5

(23.81%)

N = 21

0.535

History of neurological illness

Epilepsy

No

80

(93.02%)

 

30

(76.92%)

 

0.1

 

Yes

6

(6.98%)

 

9

(23.08%)

  

Febrile seizures

No

57

(66.28%)

 

33

(84.62%)

 

0.034

 

Yes

29

(33.72%)

 

6

(15.38%)

  

Prior family history of seizures

  

8

(9.30%)

 

2

(5.13%)

 

0.425

Antiseizure medicine before EEG

  

10

(11.63%)

 

15

(38.46%)

 

0.001

Interval time between EEG and last seizure (median [IQR], day)

  

4

(2,8)

 

2

(1,8)

 

0.001

Hospitalization

  

12

(13.95%)

 

15

(38.46%)

 

0.002

Total length of stay (median [IQR], day)

  

6

(4,8)

 

9

(6,20)

 

< 0.001

Outcome at discharge

Recovery

 

86

(100.00%)

 

36

(92.31%)

 

0.009

Neurological sequalae

0

(0.00%)

 

3

(7.69%)

  
  1. Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range