Table 3 Comparison of the clinical, demographic, laboratory and radiological data of the included autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients (n = 24) according to the severity by Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)
Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) severity | Test value | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mild | Moderate | Severe | ||||
n = 6 | n = 13 | n = 5 | ||||
Age (years) | Median (IQR) | 5.25 (5–10) | 5 (5–8) | 7 (6–8) | 1.062≠ | 0.588 |
Range | 413 | 3.59 | 3.514 | |||
Gender (n., %) | Female | 3 (50.0%) | 1 (7.7%) | 2 (40.0%) | 4.677* | 0.096 |
Male | 3 (50.0%) | 12 (92.3%) | 3 (60.0%) | |||
Presence of convulsions (n., %) | No | 6 (100.0%) | 11 (84.6%) | 4 (80.0%) | 1.213* | 0.545 |
Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (15.4%) | 1 (20.0%) | |||
Frequency of convulsions (n., %) | Irregular | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3.000* | 0.083 |
Every 3 months | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | |||
Controlled convulsions | Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (100.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | – | – |
Family history of allergy (n., %) | No | 6 (100.0%) | 12 (92.3%) | 5 (100.0%) | 0.883* | 0.643 |
Yes (Asthma) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (7.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||
Family history of autoimmune diseases (n., %) | No | 6 (100.0%) | 11 (84.6%) | 5 (100.0%) | 1.846* | 0.397 |
Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (15.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||
Score of intelligence quotient (IQ) test | Mean ± SD | 65.83 ± 8.82 | 62.69 ± 8.47 | 53.60 ± 8.59 | 3.011• | 0.071 |
Range | 55–80 | 40–70 | 41–65 | |||
Electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities (n., %) | Negative | 6 (100.0%) | 11 (84.6%) | 4 (80.0%) | 1.213* | 0.545 |
Positive | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (15.4%) | 1 (20.0%) | |||
Interleukin (IL)-17 (pg/mL) | Median (IQR) | 262.5 (250–320) | 260 (220–300) | 360 (320–380) | 2.349≠ | 0.309 |
Range | 120–520 | 170–440 | 160–440 | |||
Interleukin (IL)-22 (pg/mL) | Median (IQR) | 750 (660–850) | 700 (600–900) | 1120 (920–1150) | 4.448≠ | 0.108 |
Range | 240–1450 | 400–1100 | 700–1400 | |||