Table 2 Demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings for comparison of case and control group
From: Tic disorder in allergic rhinitis children and adolescents: a case-control study
Variable | Case Group (Accompanying allergic rhinitis and tic) N = 47 | Control Group (Allergic rhinitis alone) N = 47 | P.value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, Mean ± SD | 10.46 ± 3.97 | 9.27 ± 3.18 | 0.112 | |
Age of allergic rhinitis, Mean ± SD | 7.63 ± 3.90 | 6.41 ± 4.12 | 0.143 | |
Age of asthma onset (year), Mean ± SD | 7.69 ± 3.44 | 4.75 ± 2.86 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Sex, N (%) | Female | 22(46.8) | 19(40.42) | 0.532 |
Male | 25(53.2) | 28(59.58) | ||
The first child of the family, N (%) | 28(59.6) | 30(63.83) | 0.671 | |
Family history of allergies, N (%) | 24(51.1) | 26(55.33) | 0.679 | |
Antibiotic use in early life, N (%) | 27(57.4) | 25(53.20) | 0.678 | |
The history of passive exposure of the mother to cigarette smoke in the first year of life, N (%) | 6(12.8) | 8(17.03) | 0.562 | |
Mother’s smoking during pregnancy, N (%) | 1(2.1) | 2(4.26) | 0.557 | |
Preterm birth, N (%) | 5(10.6) | 8(17.03) | 0.370 | |
Day of the week AR symptoms, N (%) | 3 days a week | 3(6.4) | 20(42.55) | ≤ 0.001 |
4 days a week | 1(2.1) | 1(2.1) | ||
Every day | 43(91.5) | 26(55.35) | ||
Sleep disturbance due to AR, N (%) | 18(38.3) | 17(36.18) | 0.831 | |
Disruption at work or school due to AR, N (%) | 13(27.7) | 8(17.03) | 0.215 | |
History of infantile eczema, N (%) | 10(21.3) | 8(17.03) | 0.600 | |
Associated with asthma, N (%) | 15(31.9) | 27(57.45) | 0.012 | |
Seasonal exacerbation of AR, N (%) | 24(51.1) | 32(68.09) | 0.092 | |
Frequent colds, N (%) | 19(40.4) | 8(17.03) | 0.012 | |
Night cough in colds, N (%) | 24(51.1) | 15(31.92) | 0.059 | |
Active cough in colds, N (%) | 28(59.6) | 27(57.45) | 0.834 | |
Active cough without a cold, N (%) | 18(38.3) | 13(27.66) | 0.272 | |
Food allergy in infancy, N (%) | 5(10.6) | 9(19.15) | 0.246 | |
Taking medication for AR, N (%) | 44(93.6) | 35(74.47) | 0.0113 | |
Improvement of AR symptoms with medication, N (%) | 41(93.2) | 45(95.74) | 0.591 | |
History of sinusitis, N (%) | 6(12.8) | 12(25.54) | 0.115 | |
History of conjunctivitis, N (%) | 7(14.9) | 8(17.03) | 0.778 | |
History of middle ear infection, N (%) | 13(27.7) | 20(42.56) | 0.130 | |
History of other mental and neurological diseases, N (%) | 2(4.3) | 1(2.13) | 0.557 | |
Drug history, N (%) | 3(6.4) | 2(4.26) | 0.645 | |