Table 1 Patient characteristics

Patient demographics

Age, months

2.90 ± 1.59

2.68 ± 1.43

Female, n (%)

4 (44)

4 (44)

Weight-for-age z-score

-3.88 ± 0.88

-0.01 ± 1.09

Weight-for-length z-score

-2.24 ± 2.28

0.09 ± 1.58

Length-for-age z-score

-2.50 ± 1.15

0.00 ± 1.18

Birth weight, kg

2.76 ± 0.93

3.01 ± 0.57

Prematurity, n (%)

2 (22)

1 (11)

Positive maternal HIV status, n (%)

1 (11)

4 (44)

Hydrocephalus, n (%)

3 (33)

3 (33)

Anthropometric measurements

Weight, kg

3.52 ± 0.87

5.44 ± 1.72

Supine length, cm

53.64 ± 4.87

57.58 ± 5.26

Head circumference, cm

39.50 ± 3.22

42.10 ± 4.57

MUAC, cm

10.39 ± 1.15

13.17 ± 1.73

Waist circumference, cm

36.62 ± 3.65

41.62 ± 6.22

Sum of skinfold thickness, mm

20.18 ± 7.22

32.88 ± 7.45

Ultrasound measurements

Fat thickness, mm

Biceps brachialis

1.23 ± 1.07

3.43 ± 1.39

Quadriceps femoris

2.33 ± 1.77

5.42 ± 2.21

Anterior tibialis

1.69 ± 1.27

3.29 ± 1.63

Rectus abdominis

1.03 ± 1.02

2.29 ± 1.03

Midline of abdomen

1.03 ± 0.94

1.91 ± 0.88

Sum of five sites

7.77 ± 5.49

17.12 ± 6.54

Muscle thickness, mm

Biceps brachialis

4.98 ± 1.41

8.14 ± 2.18

Quadriceps femoris

7.27 ± 1.10

1.184 ± 3.93

Anterior tibialis

7.31 ± 1.33

8.72 ± 1.76

Rectus abdominis

1.86 ± 0.28

2.6 ± 0.77

Sum of four sites

24.34 ± 2.52

34.16 ± 7.03