Table 1 Review of the Literature on Hoffa Fractures in the Pediatric Population
No. | Author and Year | Case | Fracture Location | Injury Mode | Surgical Fixation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | McDonough et al., 2000 [8] | 8-year-old child | Lateral femoral condyle (Non-union 5 years) | Road traffic accident | Open reduction and internal fixation and fixed with two posterior to anterior partially threaded cancellous lag screws without the usage of bone graft |
2 | Kumar et al., 2001 [9] | 17-year-old female | Lateral femoral condyle | Fall from ladder | Open reduction and internal fixation with 2 anteroposterior lag screws |
3 | Flanagin et al., 2011 [4] | 14-year-old male | Lateral femoral condyle | Wrestling | Arthroscopic evaluation followed by open arthrotomy and fixation with four headless screws |
4 | Tripathy et al., 2013 [10] | 12-year-old child | Lateral femoral condyle | Fall while playing | Posterolateral approach of knee using two partially threaded AO cancellous lag screws |
5 | Potini et al., 2015 [11] | 14-year-old male | Lateral femoral condyle | Direct blow over knee | Open reduction and rigid fixation with countersunk interfragmentary screws along with augmentation of allograft for the articular damage |
6 | Elazab et al., 2019 [12] | 12-year-old male | Lateral femoral condyle | Motor vehicle accident | Diagnostic arthroscopy followed by open arthrotomy using anterolateral approach for excision of pseudoarthrosis with application of two reduction forceps, open reduction, and internal fixation of the fracture with lag screws |
7 | Lal et al., 2011 [7] | 9-year-old child | Conjoint | Fall from height onto a flexed knee | Arthroscopy assisted fracture fixation with 4.5 mm anteroposterior cannulated cancellous screws |
8 | Kondreddi et al., 2014 [13] | 17-year-old | Conjoint | Road traffic accident | Lateral parapatellar arthrotomy with 4 mm cancellous screws (two for each condyle anteroposteriorly through the non-articular surface) |
9 | Harna et al., 2017 [14] | 7-year-old male | Conjoint | Hit by a speeding motor vehicle | Swashbuckler approach with 2.9 mm Herbert screw |
10 | Julfiqar et al., 2019 [15] | 12-year-old male | Conjoint | Fall from height when his left knee in flexed position | Open reduction and intraepiphyseal internal fixation using 4.5 mm cannulated cancellous screw and bone to tendon repair |
11 | Bali et al., 2011 [5] | 12-year-old male | Medial femoral condyle | Motorbike accident while riding on a pillion | Subvastus approach with two large fragment, anterior to posteromedial cannulated screws |
12 | Salunke et al., 2015 [16] | 16-year-old female | Medial femoral condyle | Car accident | Subvastus approach with 2 cannulated cancellous screws |
13 | AlKhalife et al., 2018 [17] | 12-year-old male | Medial femoral condyle | Fall of heavy object over knee | Medial parapatellar approach |
14 | Ranjan et al., 2020 [18] | 6-year-old female | Medial femoral condyle | Fall from 12 ft height | Medial parapatellar approach with 2 mediolateral, cannulated cancellous screws |
15 | Current Study, 2022 | 10-year-old male | Lateral Femoral condyle | Football non-contact injury | Arthroscopic fixation with biocompression screws |