Table 1 Demographic and clinical data in the multicenter Study

Incidence of HIE in NICU

399 (4.0%)

99 (2.5%)^b

68 (6.1%)^a

<0.001

Patients undergoing hypothermia, no.(%)

76 (19.0%)

25(25.2%)

13(19.1)

0.35

Patients completing hypothermia, no.(%)

72 (18.0%)

20 (20.2%)

12 (17.6%)

0.61

Sex

0.06

 Male, n (%)

33 (45.8%)

15 (75%)

10 (83.3%)

 Female, n (%)

39 (54.2%)

5 (25%)

2 (16.7%)

Ethnic

<0.001

 Han, n (%)

50 (69.4%) ^a

4 (20%) ^b

0 (0%) ^b

 Hui etc, n (%)

8 (11.1%)

9 (45%) ^a

0 (0%)

 Tibetan, n (%)

14 (19.4%) ^b

7 (35%)

12 (100%) ^a

Gestational age (Week)

39.76±1.84

39.65±1.32

39.17±1.53

0.69

Birthweight (g)

3158±514

3124±313

3180±605

0.22

5-min Apgar score

8 (0-10) ^d

4 (0-9) ^c

6 (3-9)

<0.001

10-min Apgar score

8 (0-10) ^d

6 (0-10) ^c

8 (5-10)

0.02

Cord blood/first arterial blood pH

7.29 (6.95-7.43)

7.27(6.87-7.43)

7.27(7.17-7.37)

0.29

Base deficit (mmol/L)

-8.3 (-25.3--3)

-12.7 (-29.3--3.5)

-12.0 (-23--4)

0.09

Inborn:outborn, n:n

48:24 ^a

3:17 ^b

6:6

<0.001

Age at admission (Hour)

1 (0-12)^d

3 (1-17)^c

1 (1-3)

<0.001

Admission > 6 hours n (%)

1 (1.4%)

3 (15%)^a

0 (0%)

0.01

Age at hypothermia (Hour)

2 (0-12) ^c

9 (3-20) ^d

22 (4-45) ^d

<0.001

Starting hypothermia > 6 hours, no.(%)

11 (15.3%) ^b

15 (75%) ^a

8 (67%) ^a

<0.001

Patients received mechanical ventilation no.(%)

24 (33.3%)

11 (55%)

4 (33%)

0.12

Clinical degree of HIE

<0.001

 Mild, n (%)

35 (48.6%) ^a

3 (15.8%)

2 (16.7%)

 Moderate, n (%)

29 (40.3%)

6 (31.6%)

8 (66.7%)

 Severe, n (%)

8 (11.1%) ^b

10 (52.6%) ^a

2 (16.7%)

EEG abnormal discharges

(n=68)

(n=18)

(n=10)

 Seizures, n (%)

5 (7.3%)

2 (11.1%)

1 (10.0%)

0.74

 Spikes/sharp waves, n (%)

67 (98.5%)

17 (94.4%)

10 (100%)

0.36

 Delta brushes, n (%)

35 (51.5%)

11 (61.1%)

10 (100%) ^a

0.006

Brain injury on MRI by NICHD-NRN

(n=62)

(n=18)

(n=11)

<0.001

 Normal/Mild, n (%)

11 (17.7%)^a

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 1B

7 (11.3%)

2 (11.1%)

1 (9.1%)

 2A

9 (14.5%)

2 (11.1%)

1 (9.1%)

 2B

34 (54.8%)

12 (66.7%)

7 (63.6%)

 3

1 (1.6%)

2 (11.1%)

2 (18.2%)

Hypothermia withdrawn, n (%)

2 (2.6%) ^b

5 (20%)^a

1 (7.8%)

0.004

Hospitalization time, day (SD)

12.3 (8.4)

10.1(4.3)

11.1 (5.5)

0.56

Death during hospitalization

3 (3.9%)

2 (8.0%)

0(0%)

0.39

Death before 1 year old, n (%)

(n=60)

(n=17)

(n=12)

3 (5.0%)

3 (17.6%)

2 (16.7%)

0.12