Table 5 Determinants of acute bacterial meningitis mortality among pediatric patients admitted to Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital between July 1, 2019, and June 30, 2022

Age of child

2mon-5yrs*

102(35.9)

37(52.1)

2.30(0.90,5.89)

2.95(1.05,8.33))

0.041

10–14 yrs

43(15.1)

5(7.0)

Area of residence

Urban

79(27.8)

13(18.3)

0.58(0.30,1.12)

Rural

205(72.2)

58(81.7)

NA

season of admission

Winter*

238(82.7)

39(54.9)

0.254(0.15,0.45)

0.278(0.15,0.50)

< 0.001

Summer

49(17.3)

32(45.1)

NA

family size

>=6 *

112(39.4)

49(69)

3.42(1.96,5.97)

3.10(1.73,5.55)

< 0.001

<= 5

172(60.7)

22(31.0)

NA

Duration before presentation

<= 3 days

191 (67.3)

30 (42.3)

> 3 days

93 (32.7)

41 (57.7)

2.81(1.65,4.78)

2.19(1.12,4.28)

< 0.001

Loss of consciousness

Yes*

135(47.5)

68(95.8)

25.02(7.69,8138)

16.85(4.7,60.39)

< 0.001

No

149 (52.5)

3 (4.2)

NA

Seizure

Yes*

230(81.0)

68(95.8)

5.32(1.61,17.56)

6.51(1.82,23.35)

0.004

No

54 (19)

3 (4.2)

NA

increased ICP

Yes*

29(12.8)

42(59.2)

10.65(5.88,19.78)

3.63 (1.78,7.38)

< 0.001

No

250 (88)

29 (40.8)

NA

Nutritional status

Malnourished*

31(10.9)

32(45.1)

6.70(3.68,12.18)

4.04(1.83,8.89)

0.001

Normal

253 (89.1)

39 (54.9)

Vaccination

Vaccinated for age*

196 (69.0)

33 (46.5)

0.39(0.23,0.66)

0.47(0.23,0.95)

0.034

Not vaccinated

88 (31.0)

38 (53.5)

NA

Comorbidity

> 1 disease*

13(4.6)

16(22.5)

2.27(1.87,3.96)

1.84(1.13,2.30)

0.0.015

None

232 (81.7)

38 (53.5)

NA

only one comorbidity

39 (13.7)

17 (23.9)

NA

Treatment

Ceftriaxone with Vanco *

32(11.3)

20(28.2)

2.22(0.90,5.52)

Ceftriaxone

218(76.8)

42(59.2)

Antibiotics change

Yes*

35(12.3)

30(42.3)

5.21(2.89,9.38)

10.81(2.01,5.71)

0.004

No

249(87.7)

41(57.7)

Pathogen

S.pneumonia *

18(10.3)

7(9.9)

11.33(2.10,61.22)

N.meningitidis *

25(14.3)

2(2.8)

4.69(0.63,34.67)