Table 1 The characteristics of subjects with hypertension or not
Variables | Total (n = 14316) | Non-hypertension group (n = 12430) | Hypertension group (n = 1886) | Statistics | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, Mean (S.E) | 12.91 (0.04) | 12.79 (0.04) | 13.82 (0.11) | t = -9.84 | < 0.001 |
Gender, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 84.876 | < 0.001 |
 Male | 7134 (50.27) | 5899 (48.25) | 1235 (65.13) |  |  |
 Female | 7182 (49.73) | 6531 (51.75) | 651 (34.87) |  |  |
Race, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 18.886 | < 0.001 |
 Mexican American | 4075 (13.05) | 3534 (12.95) | 541 (13.80) |  |  |
 Other Hispanic | 994 (6.59) | 888 (6.69) | 106 (5.81) |  |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 4054 (58.95) | 3586 (59.45) | 468 (55.26) |  |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 3903 (13.23) | 3271 (12.68) | 632 (17.25) |  |  |
 Other Race—Including Multi-Racial | 1290 (8.18) | 1151 (8.22) | 139 (7.88) |  |  |
PIR, Mean (S.E) | 2.57 (0.04) | 2.58 (0.04) | 2.44 (0.05) | t = 2.71 | 0.007 |
Does anyone smoke in the home, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 18.349 | < 0.001 |
 No | 2658 (23.11) | 2393 (23.93) | 265 (17.05) |  |  |
 Yes | 11,658 (76.89) | 10,037 (76.07) | 1621 (82.95) |  |  |
Weight at birth, pounds, n(%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 105.524 | < 0.001 |
 < 5.5 | 1285 (7.98) | 1108 (7.88) | 177 (8.75) |  |  |
 5.5–9 | 7784 (56.40) | 6977 (58.02) | 807 (44.54) |  |  |
 ≥ 9 | 880 (6.75) | 798 (7.08) | 82 (4.34) |  |  |
 Unknown | 4367 (28.86) | 3547 (27.03) | 820 (42.37) |  |  |
BMI-for-age, kg/m2, Mean (S.E) | 21.37 (0.07) | 20.97 (0.07) | 24.31 (0.21) | t = -16.33 | < 0.001 |
Overweigh/obesity, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 60.374 | < 0.001 |
 No | 8652 (62.48) | 7807 (64.40) | 845 (48.56) |  |  |
 Yes | 5664 (37.52) | 4623 (35.60) | 1041 (51.44) |  |  |
Physical activity, day, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 36.534 | < 0.001 |
 ≥ 5 | 3974 (29.61) | 3600 (30.56) | 374 (22.61) |  |  |
 3–5 | 748 (5.99) | 676 (6.20) | 72 (4.39) |  |  |
 ≤ 3 | 8427 (56.93) | 7151 (55.82) | 1276 (65.06) |  |  |
 Unknown | 1167 (7.48) | 1003 (7.41) | 164 (7.94) |  |  |
Vitamin A, mcg, Mean (S.E) | 648.05 (7.66) | 645.53 (8.36) | 666.61 (16.56) | t = -1.15 | 0.253 |
Vitamin C, mg, Mean (S.E) | 80.51 (1.07) | 79.70 (1.10) | 86.46 (3.17) | t = -2.06 | 0.041 |
Vitamin E, mg, Mean (S.E) | 7.93 (0.10) | 7.89 (0.10) | 8.21 (0.18) | t = -1.76 | 0.080 |
Zinc, mg, Mean (S.E) | 11.68 (0.08) | 11.52 (0.08) | 12.84 (0.21) | t = -6.20 |  < 0.001 |
Magnesium, mg, Mean (S.E) | 255.16 (1.42) | 252.50 (1.45) | 274.79 (3.36) | t = -6.61 |  < 0.001 |
Selenium, mcg, Mean (S.E) | 107.16 (0.63) | 105.76 (0.66) | 117.43 (1.82) | t = -6.22 |  < 0.001 |
Energy, kcal, Mean (S.E) | 2248.27 (8.12) | 2215.42 (8.16) | 2490.08 (24.91) | t = -10.75 |  < 0.001 |
DAQS, Mean (S.E) | 4.14 (0.02) | 4.14 (0.02) | 4.10 (0.04) | t = 0.87 | 0.387 |
DAQS, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 0.442 | 0.506 |
 < 3 | 2242 (15.71) | 1926 (15.80) | 316 (15.03) |  |  |
 ≥ 3 | 12074 (84.29) | 10504 (84.20) | 1570 (84.97) |  |  |