Primary schools | Individuals | |
---|---|---|
Inclusion criteria | Any school located within, or whose catchment area includes the Central London ULEZ; or within the Boroughs of Luton and Dunstable. | All children attending a study school, in years 2, 3, or 4 at study inception. |
Exclusion criteria | Primary schools that are not within the above boundaries outlined above. | Children with learning or physical disabilities sufficient for them to be unable to give informed assent to the study, or to carry out study procedures. Children with major lung disease (not including asthma). |