Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included literature

Thivel et al.(2011) [21]

RCT

France

N:101

6–10

E:PE + AL

C:PE

N/A

60 min

2times weekly

Shuttle run test

cycle peak power

24

Wight*, HRR*, RHR*

(E&C)

Coute de Araujo et al. (2012) [22]

RCT

Brazil

N:30

8–12 岁

Endurance exercise: walking/running exercise

HIIT: Treadmill sprints

Endurance exercise: Medium intensity

HIIT: high intensity

twice a week

A modified Balke treadmill

12

Wight*, SBP*, DBP*

(HIIT)

Yin et al. (2012) [23]

RCT

USA

N:574

8.7 ± 0.5

Daily, Kids4Fit

Medium to high intensity

120 min daily

Step test

156

HR*

(E&C)

Koubaa et al.(2013) [24]

RCT

Tunis

N:29

13 ± 0.8

HIIT, CT

(Continuous training)

IT:80% of the VO_2max

CT:60% to 70% of

VO_2max

3 times weekly

dynamic test

12

Wight*, SBP*(E)

Racil et al. (2013) [25]

Tunis

N:34

F:34

15.9 ± 0.3

HIIT: running

MIIT: running

C: No intervention

Medium or high intensity

3 times weekly

The maximal test

12

VO_2max*

Khan et al.(2014) [26]

RCT

USA

N:220

M:117

F:103

8–9

E: MVPA

C: No intervention

Medium to high intensity

70 min

5 times weekly

Treadmill protocol

39

Wight*, VO_2max*

(E)

Farah et al. (2014) [27]

RCT

Brazil

N:19

M:9

F:10

15.1 ± 1.2

HIT, LIT

(Aerobic training on a treadmill)

HIT:100%VT

LIT:80% VT

3 times weekly

Treadmill protocol

24

Wight*, HR*, HRV*

(HIT)

SBP*, DBP*

BP*

(HIT&LIT)

Alberga et al. (2015) [28]

RCT

Canada

N:151

14–18

AE

C: No intervention

medium intensity

N/A

the 2003 Canadian Physical Activity Fitness and Lifestyle Appraisal tests

22

Wight*, VO_2max*

(A)

Tan et al. (2015) [29]

RCT

China

M:24

8–10

E: Daily PA

C: No intervention

individualized FATmax intensity

40 min

5 times weekly

Shuttle run test

10

Wight*, VO_2max*

(E)

Murphy et al. (2015) [30]

RCT

USA

N:13

M:3

F:10

13.7 ± 2.0

AE

HIIT

65% HRmax

80–90%HRmax

50 min

3 times weekly

Motorized Treadmill Protocol

4

VO_2max*

(HIIT & AE)

Martinez et al. (2016) [16]

RCT

Spain

N:94

M:52

F:42

7–9

E:PE + AL

C:PE

High intensity

90 min

2 times weekly

Shuttle run test

Treadmill protocol

13

VO_2max*

EPOC*

(E)

Lazzer et al. (2016) [31]

RCT

Italy

N:30

M:30

13.7 ± 2.0

LA

(Walking)

HIIT:100%VO_2max

High intensity:70%VO_2max

LIT:40%VO_2max

37 ± 3 min

31 ± 4 min

45 ± 6 min

3 times weekly

Motorized Treadmill Protocol

3

Wight*, VO_2peak*

(HIIT & High intensity)

Kargarfard et al. (2016) [32]

RCT

Iran

N:30

12.3 ± 1.3

HIIT

ET

(Running)

60–90%HRR

60–70%HRR

50-60 min

3 times weekly

Incremental two-phase cycle

8

SBP*, DBP*

(HIIT&ET)

Dias et al. (2017) [18]

RCT

Australia

N:41

M:21

F:20

12.2 ± 2.1

Walking

HIIT:85–95%HRmx

MICT:60–70%HRmax

3 times weekly

Treadmill protocol ramp

Respiratory gas analysis

12

Wight*, VO_2peak*

(HIIT)

Son et al. (2017) [33]

RCT

Korea

N:40

F:40

15 ± 1

E: Combined exercise

C: No intervention

60–70% HRR

60 min-

utes per day, 3 times per week

Automatic sphygmomanometer

12

Wight*, SBP*, DBP*

(E)

Sung et al. (2018) [34]

RCT

Korea

N:40

F:40

14–16

E: Jump rope

C: No intervention

medium intensity

50 min per day, 5 times per week

Automatic sphygmomanometer

12

Wight*, SBP*, DBP*, HR*

(E)

Ingul et al. (2018) [35]

RCT

Norway

N:41

M:21

F:20

12.0 ± 2.3

Cycling

HIIT:85–95%HRmax

MICT:60–70%HRmax

3 times weekly

Treadmill Protocol ramp

Respiratory gas analysis

12

SBP*, DBP*

(HIIT&MICT)

Cvetkovic et al. (2018) [36]

RCT

Serbia

N:21

M:21

11–13

The football training

HIIT: Running

100% MAS

N/R

60 min

3 times weekly

Yo − Yo test distance

12

Wight*, RHR*, DBP*, SBP*

(HIIT)

DBP*, SBP*

(The football training)

Morrissey et al. (2018) [37]

non-RCT

France

N:29

M:8

F:21

15.2 ± 1.4

HIIT

MICT

90–95% HRmax

60–70% HRmax

24-32 min

40-60 min

3 times weekly

20mShuttle run test bouts

12

Wight*, RHR*

(HIIT&MICT)

DBP*

(MICT)

Leeuwen et al. (2018) [10]

QES

Netherlands

N:154

M:66

F:88

8.5 ± 1.8

Kds4Fit

N/A

60 min

2times weekly;(First 6 weeks)

1 times weekly (Last 6 weeks)

Shuttle run test

13

VO_2max*

BP*

(E)

Ye et al. (2019) [38]

QES

China

N:81

M:42

F:39

9.23 ± 0.62

E:PE + EXG

C:PE

N/A

50 min

1/week

Half-mile run

35

/

Davis et al. (2019) [11]

RCT

USA

N:75

M:29

F:46

9.5–9.8

E: ASAE

C: No intervention

AHR > 140times/min

Daily 40 min

Treadmill protocol

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity

35

VO_2peak*

(E)

Espinoza-Silva et al. [39] (2019)

RCT

Chile

N:274

M:120

F:154

7–9

E: HIIT

C: No intervention

High intensity

40–50 min

2x/week

6 min walk test

30

VO_2max*

(E)

Roh et al. (2020) [40]

RCT

Korea

N:20

12.55 ± 0.51

E: Taekwondo training

C: No intervention

Medium to high intensity

60 min

five times a week

colorimetric assay

16

Wight*, VO_2max*

(E)

Leandro et al. (2021) [12]

RCT

Brazil

M:41

7–9

E: PLT

C: No intervention

Medium to high intensity

20 min

3times weekly

automatic arterial blood pressure monitor

13

BP*, RHR*

(E)

Martinez-Viscaiano et al. (2022) [13]

RCT

Spain

N:487

M:233

F:254

9.89 ± 0.71

The MOVI-daFit

High intensity

60 min

4times weekly

Shuttle run test

39

BP*, VO_2max*

(E)

Machado et al. (2022) [41]

RCT

Brazil

N:56

10.3 ± 1.8

PE + swimming

PE + sedentary

Medium to high intensity

50 min

2times weekly

20 m Shuttles run test

48

SBP*, DBP*

(Swimming)

Pinho et al. (2023) [42]

QES

Brazil

M:13

8–12

RMST

 > 80%HRmax

80 min

2times weekly

McMaster All-Out Progressive Continuous Cycling Test

12

/