Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of Pregnant Women and their Children in Project Viva
Overalla | EPDS < 13 | EPDS ≥ 13 | |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 925 | n = 747 (92%) | n = 65 (8%) | |
Mother | |||
Age at enrollment (years) (mean (SD)) | 33.1 (4.5) | 33.2 (4.3) | 31.8 (4.9) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) (mean (SD)) | 24.3 (4.8) | 24.1 (4.7) | 24.4 (5.0) |
Education (N (%)) | |||
Not a college graduate | 214 (23.1) | 160 (21.4) | 19 (29.2) |
College graduate | 711 (76.9) | 587 (78.6) | 46 (70.8) |
Pregnancy smoking status (N (%)) | |||
Never | 646 (70.1) | 512 (68.8) | 49 (75.4) |
Former | 202 (21.9) | 176 (23.7) | 8 (12.3) |
Smoked during pregnancy | 73 (7.9) | 56 (7.5) | 8 (12.3) |
Marital Status (N (%)) | |||
Not married or cohabiting | 38 (4.1) | 18 (2.4) | 11 (16.9) |
Married or cohabitating | 887 (95.9) | 729 (97.6) | 54 (83.1) |
Annual household income (N (%)) | |||
≤$40,000 | 63 (7.1) | 39 (5.4) | 11 (18.6) |
>$40,000 | 820 (92.9) | 685 (94.6) | 48 (81.4) |
Friends/family social support (points) (mean (SD)) | 13.6 (2.1) | 13.7 (2.0) | 12.5 (3.0) |
Child at birth | |||
Sex (N (%)) | |||
Male | 450 (48.6) | 355 (47.5) | 29 (44.6) |
Female | 475 (51.4) | 392 (52.5) | 36 (55.4) |
Race/ethnicity (N (%)) | |||
Black | 45 (4.9) | 27 (3.6) | 10 (15.4) |
Hispanic | 22 (2.4) | 13 (1.7) | 2 (3.1) |
Asian | 11 (1.2) | 9 (1.2) | 2 (3.1) |
White | 805 (87.0) | 667 (89.3) | 49 (75.4) |
More than one race/ethnicity | 42 (4.5) | 31 (4.1) | 2 (3.1) |
Gestational age (weeks) at birth (mean (SD)) | 39.7 (1.6) | 39.7 (1.6) | 39.5 (1.5) |
Cord blood cortisol (nmol/L) (mean (SD)) [min, max] | 340.3 (182.5) [33.1, 1076.0] | 341.1 (190.4) [33.1, 1076.0] | 355.1 (164.8) [137.9, 838.7] |
Cord blood cortisone (nmol/L) (mean (SD)) [min, max] | 241.4 (80.4) [56.0, 577.2] | 240.2 (80.4) [56.0, 577.2] | 251.6 (82.3) [110.5, 508.3] |
Cortisol to cortisone ratio (units) (mean (SD)) [min, max] | 1.43 (0.62) [0.15, 4.25] | 1.43 (0.62) [0.15, 4.25] | 1.52 (0.66) [0.50, 3.04] |
Child at mid-childhood | |||
Age at mid-childhood hair cortisol measurement (years) (mean (SD)) | 7.8 (0.8) | 7.8 (0.7) | 7.9 (0.9) |
Hair cortisol at mid-childhood (pg/mg) (median (IQR)) [min, max] b | 0.97 (0.50, 2.37) [0.01, 236.19] | 0.97 (0.48, 2.35) [0.01, 236.19] | 0.92 (0.52, 2.57) [0.01, 74.55] |
Child at early adolescence | |||
Age at early adolescent hair cortisol measurement (years) (mean (SD)) | 13.2 (0.9) | 13.2 (0.9) | 13.1 (0.9) |
Hair cortisol at early adolescence (pg/mg) (median (IQR)) [min, max] b | 2.19 (1.12, 4.42) [0.01, 200.96] | 2.10 (1.12, 4.15) [0.01, 200.96] | 2.89 (1.36, 6.80) [0.01, 48.69] |
Change in hair cortisol from mid-childhood to early adolescence (pg/mg) (median (IQR)) [min, max] b | 0.75 (-0.51, 2.65) [-234.71, 194.70] | 0.73 (-0.60, 2.63) [-234.71, 194.70] | 0.98 (-0.13, 4.57) [-60.32, 44.80] |