How parents’ feeding styles, attitudes, and multifactorial aspects are associated with feeding difficulties in children

Table 5 Logistic regression models of parents’ feeding behaviors associated for feeding difficulties.

PMAS Questionnaire	Crude				Adjusted*
PMAS Questionnaire	n ^a	OR	95%CI	p	n	OR	95%CI	p
Daily availability of fruits and vegetables	313	0.54	(0.19–0.99)	0.048	311	0.52	(0.26–1.05)	0.068
Snack modeling	315	1.63	(0.88–3.01)	0.118	312	1.19	(0.61–2.33)	0.609
Use of reward	315	1.99	(1.05–3.79)	0.035	312	0.67	(0.31–1.52)	0.353
Many food options	314	3.72	(1.77–7.80)	0.001	311	2.69	(1.18–6.14)	0.019
Fat reduction	316	0.69	(0.39–1.22)	0.205	313	0.80	(0.43–1.49)	0.483
Special meals	313	1.04	(0.39–2.79)	0.941	311	0.63	(0.19–2.03)	0.442
Snack limits	315	0.57	(0.33–1.01)	0.053	312	0.44	(0.23–0.85)	0.014
Positive persuasion	314	2.61	(1.38–4.96)	0.003	312	1.56	(0.75–3.24)	0.230
Insistence on eating	315	1.46	(0.89–2.38)	0.128	312	1.06	(0.60–1.88)	0.840

Note: *Model adjusted for child’s gender, guardian’s gender, child’s age, history of diseases and parental style classification; PMAS = Parent Mealtime Action Scale; OR = odds ratio; 95%CI = 95% confidence interval; ^a sample size for each regression model; significance level p < 0.05

ISSN: 1471-2431