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Table 1 Summary of characteristics evaluated in technical testing by product category

From: Avoid equipment graveyards: rigorous process to improve identification and procurement of effective, affordable, and usable newborn devices in low-resource hospital settings

Product category

Quantitative characteristics evaluated

Qualitative characteristics evaluated

Required evaluation tools

Syringe Pump

• Benchtop measurement accuracy across range of flow rates

• Battery life

• Device weight

• Includes occlusion detection alarm

• Accepted syringe brands

• Accepted syringe sizes

• Includes visual and auditory alarms

• Syringes (various brands, sizes)

• Infusion line

• Scale

• Water

Bilirubinometer

• Accuracy

• Precision

• Linear range

• Volume of sample required

• Units displayed

• Requires calibration materials

• Transport and storage limitations; temperature, humidity, altitude

• Requires consumables

Reichert UNISTAT gold standard

• Centrifuge

• Stock solution of bilirubin

• Blood (spiked to test range of bilirubin concentrations)

Phototherapy

• Effective treatment area

• Irradiance at standard, intensive levels

• Peak wavelength

• Power consumption

• Bulb type, lifetime

• Ease of replacing bulbs

• Includes light meter

• Spectrometer

• Watt meter

Glucometer

• Accuracy

• Precision

• Linear range

• Volume of sample required

• Units displayed

• Requires calibration materials

• Transport and storage limitations; temperature, humidity, altitude

• Requires consumables

YSI 2300 STAT PLUS benchtop analyser

• Centrifuge

• Standard 917c D-Glucose

• Blood (spiked to test range of glucose concentrations)

Haemoglobinometer

• Accuracy

• Precision

• Linear range

• Volume of sample required

• Units displayed

• Requires calibration materials

• Transport and storage limitations; temperature, humidity, altitude

• Requires consumables

Beckman Coulter AcT Diff II benchtop analyser

• Centrifuge

• Blood (diluted or concentrated to test range of haemoglobin concentrations)

CPAP

• Oxygen flow capability

• Pressure

• Total (blended) flow

• Provides humidification

• Include alarms for low flow, low pressure, power loss

• Requires proprietary consumables

• Gas analyser

• Oxygen source

Flow Splitter

• Air flow per outlet

• Independent ability to control flow per outlet

• Number of outlets

• Visual indicators for flow rate

• Flow meter

• Oxygen source

Oxygen Concentrator

• Flow rate

• Time to reach 95% performance

• Oxygen purity

• Sound level

• Power efficiency

• Power consumption

• Includes alarms for high temp, low flow, high/low pressure

• Visual indicators show device status

• Mobility

• Filter cleaning

• Decontamination

• Oxygen analyser

• Oxygen cylinder (100% O2)

• Decibel sound meter

• Watt meter

• Scale

Continuous Pulse Oximeter

• Pulse rate range, accuracy

• SpO2 range, accuracy

• Battery life

• Alarm limits adjustable

• Includes visual and auditory alarms

• Requires consumables

• Ease of decontamination

• Patient simulator

• SpO2 finger simulator

Suction Pump

• Pressure range

• Sound level

• Bottle capacity

• Includes fail-safe to protect pump

• Ease of decontamination

• Requires consumables

• Negative pressure gauge

• Decibel sound meter

Radiant Warmer

• Temperature probe accuracy

• Temperature stability

• Time to indicate accurate temperature

• Uniformity

• Power consumption

• Alarm limits for hypothermia and hyperthermia adjustable

• Includes visual and auditory alarms

• Requires consumables

• Ease of decontamination

• Mobility

• Water bath

• Reference thermometer

• Aluminium discs

• Timer

• Watt meter

Continuous Temperature Monitor

• Temperature accuracy

• Time to indicate accurate temperature

• Alarm limits for hypothermia and hyperthermia adjustable

• Includes visual and auditory alarms

• Requires consumables

• Ease of decontamination

• Water bath

• Reference thermometer

• Timer

Conductive Warmer

• Temperature accuracy

• Time to indicate accurate temperature

• Uniformity

• Power consumption

• Temperature control, either baby or manual

• Include visual and auditory alarms

• Requires consumables

• Ease of decontamination

• Water bath

• Reference thermometer

• Watt meter

Respiratory Rate/Apnoea Monitor

• Respiratory rate accuracy, range

• Apnoea detection

• Includes visual and auditory alarms

• Easy to clean

• NeoNatalieTM newborn simulator

• Timer

  1. Abbreviations: CPAP Continuous positive airway pressure, O2 oxygen, SpO2 oxygen saturation