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Table 3 The association of sex, age, and seasonality with low vitamin D status in children between departments (N = 7285)a

From: Variation in vitamin D status in infants and children: a two-year cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

Variables

Pediatrics

Child Healthcare

VDD (< 20 ng/mL)

VDI (20–30 ng/mL)

VDD (< 20 ng/mL)

VDI (20–30 ng/mL)

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

Sex

        

 Boys

REF

       

 Girls

1.35 (0.96, 1.90)

0.08

1.24 (0.92, 1.68)

0.16

0.99 (0.83, 1.18)

0.91

1.06 (0.95, 1.18)

0.32

Age (year)

        

 0–1

0.03 (0.01, 0.05)

< 0.001

0.24 (0.15, 0.39)

< 0.001

0.43 (0.30, 0.61)

< 0.001

1.43 (1.09, 1.86)

0.009

 1–3

0.10 (0.06, 0.16)

< 0.001

0.68 (0.45, 1.03)

0.07

0.98 (0.71, 1.36)

0.91

2.46 (1.90, 3.19)

< 0.001

 3–6

0.63 (0.41, 0.95)

0.03

1.53 (1.00, 2.34)

0.05

0.69 (0.50, 0.96)

0.03

1.30 (1.00, 1.68)

0.049

 6–11

REF

       

Seasonality

       

 Spring

4.22 (2.58, 6.90)

< 0.001

2.29 (1.48, 3.56)

< 0.001

1.62 (1.26, 2.07)

< 0.001

1.59 (1.36, 1.86)

< 0.001

 Summer

1.20 (0.76, 1.87)

0.44

1.41 (0.96, 2.08)

0.08

0.84 (0.65, 1.10)

0.21

1.11 (0.96, 1.30)

0.17

 Autumn

REF

       

 Winter

4.95 (2.82, 8.70)

< 0.001

1.90 (1.12, 3.20)

0.02

2.36 (1.84, 3.02)

< 0.001

1.47 (1.24, 1.73)

< 0.001

  1. a The multinomial logistic regression model includes all variables in this table, and the vitamin D status is classified according to the Endocrine Society
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