Table 4 Association between socio-religious affiliation and malnutrition among children under 5 years

  Low-caste Hindu

1.17*** (1.12-1.21)

1.05** (1.01-1.10)

1.27*** (1.21-1.34)

1.16*** (1.10-1.22)

1.34*** (1.29-1.39)

1.16*** (1.12-1.22)

  High-caste Hindu

0.84*** (0.81-0.87)

0.96** (0.92-1.00)

1.061** (1.01-1.11)

1.06** (1.01-1.12)

0.93*** (0.90-0.96)

1.04* (0.99-1.08)

  Child's age (months)

1.64*** (1.60-1.69)

0.74*** (0.71-0.76)

1.18*** (1.15-1.22)

  Child's age-squared

0.99*** (0.99-1.00)

1.00*** (1.00-1.00)

0.99*** (0.99-1.00)

  Male®

  Female

0.94*** (0.92-0.97)

0.89*** (0.86-0.92)

0.95*** (0.93-0.98)

  First®

  Second

1.16*** (1.12-1.20)

0.99* (0.95-1.03)

1.12*** (1.08-1.16)

  Third

1.25*** (1.20-1.31)

0.99 (0.94-1.05)

1.19*** (1.14-1.24)

  Fourth or more

1.46*** (1.38-1.53)

1.01 (0.95-1.08)

1.36*** (1.29-1.43)

  within 2 hours®

  within 24 hours

1.00 (0.96-1.04)

0.92** (0.88-0.96)

1.01 (0.98-1.06)

  More than 24 hours after

1.12***(1.07-1.17)

1.01 (0.95-1.07)

1.13*** (1.08-1.19)

  Never breastfed

1.02 (0.96-1.08)

0.9** (0.84-0.97)

0.95(0.89-1.010)

  Mother's age at birth (years)

0.94*** (0.92-0.96)

0.99 (0.97-1.02)

0.95*** (0.93-0.97)

  Age at birth squared

1.00*** (1.00-1.00)

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

1.00** (1.00-1.00)

  Years of education

0.960*** (0.957-0.964)

0.99*** (0.99-1.00)

0.96*** (0.96-0.97)

  Normal®

  Underweight

1.21*** (1.17-1.24)

1.35*** (1.31-1.40)

1.56*** (1.52-1.61)

  Overweight

0.79*** (0.75-0.82)

0.70*** (0.66-0.74)

0.68*** (0.65-0.72)

  Urban®

  Rural

0.93*** (0.90-0.97)

0.90*** (0.86-0.95)

0.87*** (0.84-0.91)

  Poorest®

  Poorer

0.89*** (0.86-0.92)

0.90*** (0.87-0.94)

0.87*** (0.84-0.9)

  Middle

0.78*** (0.74-0.81)

0.84*** (0.80-0.89)

0.74*** (0.71-0.77)

  Richer

0.66*** (0.62-0.69)

0.84*** (0.79-0.9)

0.65*** (0.62-0.69)

  Richest

0.56*** (0.52-0.60)

0.80*** (0.73-0.86)

0.53*** (0.49-0.57)

  Not treated®

  Treated

0.92*** (0.89-0.95)

1.10*** (1.06-1.14)

0.96** (0.93-0.99)

  Some facility®

  Open Defecation

1.16*** (1.12-1.2)

1.06** (1.02-1.11)

1.14*** (1.10-1.18)

  North®

  Central

1.21*** (1.14-1.27)

1.03 (0.97-1.10)

1.10** (1.04-1.16)

  East

1.14*** (1.08-1.21)

1.43*** (1.34-1.53)

1.28*** (1.21-1.36)

  Northeast

1.20*** (1.14-1.27)

1.38*** (1.30-1.47)

1.2*** (1.14-1.27)

  West

0.90** (0.83-0.98)

1.01 (0.93-1.09)

0.92* (0.85-1.00)

  South

1.13*** (1.08-1.18)

1.04 (0.98-1.10)

1.01 (0.97-1.07)

Wald Statistic

532.03

7278.78

150.08

2443.97

674.96

7007.72

Degrees of freedom

2

28

2

28

2

28

Prob > chi2

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

Pseudo R2

0.0038

0.0591

0.0014

0.0242

0.0047

0.0569

No. of observations

194111

194111

194111

194111

194111

194111