Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
Characteristics | Surveyed children (21,316) | |
|---|---|---|
Number | Column % | |
Locality | ||
 Urban | 9707 | 45.5 |
 Rural | 11,609 | 54.5 |
Social class | ||
 Low | 6924 | 32.5 |
 Middle | 7093 | 33.3 |
 High | 7299 | 34.2 |
Geographical distribution | ||
 Cities | 3264 | 15.3 |
 Lower Egypt | 7921 | 37.2 |
 Upper Egypt | 7705 | 36.1 |
 Frontier | 2426 | 11.4 |
Sex | ||
 Boys | 11,076 | 52.0 |
 Girls | 10,240 | 48.0 |
Age categories of children | ||
 1- < 3 years | 8383 | 39.3 |
 3- < 6 years | 12,933 | 60.7 |
Mother’s age at giving birth | ||
 < 18 yearsa | 891 | 4.2 |
 18 to < 35 years | 18,382 | 86.3 |
 > 35 years | 1939 | 9.1 |
Mothers’ Education | ||
 Illiterate/ Read & write/ Primary/ Prep | 8150 | 38.2 |
 High School & technical/ above intermediate | 9432 | 44.3 |
 University or higher | 3622 | 17.0 |
Fathers’ Education | ||
 Illiterate/ Read & write/ Primary/ Prep | 7129 | 33.4 |
 High School & technical / Above intermediate | 9867 | 46.3 |
 University or higher | 3449 | 16.2 |
Mother’ s work | ||
 Employed (paid-unpaid-his own-employer) | 2976 | 14.0 |
 Unemployed / does not look for work | 18,225 | 86 |
Families with single parent | ||
 Single mothers | 870 | 4.1 |
 Single fathers | 109 | 0.5 |
Perinatal problems | ||
 Children with at least one perinatal problem | 7096 | 33.3 |
  Premature delivery (< 37 weeks gestation) | 229 | 1.1 |
  Low birth weight (< 2500 mg) | 1077 | 5.1 |
  Children suffered from jaundice after birth | 6180 | 29 |
  Children suffered from cyanosis after birth | 313 | 1.5 |
  Children suffered from any convulsions | 355 | 1.7 |
  Children were admitted to an incubator for more than two days | 1770 | 8.3 |
  Children suffered from meningitis | 190 | 0.9 |
Maternal problems | ||
 Mothers had any health problems during pregnancyb | 1500 | 7.0 |
 History of difficult laborc | 3435 | 16.1 |