Table 3 Factor loadings and theory-based explanations resulting from exploratory factor analysis with the development dataset

qc10

Demonstrates respect for children

0.7440

0.4707

Requires to inhibit emotions and behavior

qc9

Demonstrates respect for adults

0.6693

0.4933

Requires to inhibit emotions and behavior

qc37

Gets into physical fights

0.6625

0.6026

Requires to regulate emotions and needs a certain motivation to regulate behavior

qc47

Is impulsive, acts without thinking

0.6237

0.5022

Impulsivity is the inability to regulate emotions and behavior. If someone is planned, then he can regulate his emotions and act in a self-controlled manner

qc5

Follows rules and instructions

0.5344

0.6048

Requires the ability to motivate oneself to adapt and to inhibit "rebellious" emotions and behave accordingly

qc11

Accepts responsibility for actions

0.4134

0.4878

Requires the ability stand up for own mistakes to resist the impulse to be offended and "run away". This requires to regulate emotions and behavior by being honest and not offended

qc7^a

Demonstrates self-control

 < 0.4

0.6445

Can mean anything and does not separate well. The item is not worded accurately enough

qc46^a

Has temper tantrums

 < 0.4

0.8090

You can throw tantrums for very different reasons. However, this does not necessarily mean that one has a bad SR

qc15

Works independently

0.7598

0.4631

to be able to work independently, I have to be able to remember things and stay on task

qc17

Works neatly and carefully

0.7359

0.3816

to be neat and careful, I need to be able to structure myself and my thoughts

qc14

Completes work on time

0.7344

0.4662

To stay on schedule, I also need to be able to stay on task and focus my thoughts on what I'm doing

qc24

Is able to follow class routines without reminders

0.5504

0.6140

Requires the ability to remember things and also be able to recall it again

qc12

Listens attentively

0.5315

0.4751

Requires the ability to block out disturbing thoughts and memories

qc16

Takes care of school materials

0.5002

0.4667

Requires to be careful and not destroy anything on purpose. Requires the ability to suppress the impulse to destroy, which is sometimes perceptible, and behave appropriately and in a controlled manner

qc2^a

Has the ability to get along with peers

 < 0.4

0.7658

Too many things in one item. Doesn't have to be SR ability if someone can get along with another kid

qc44

Fidgets

0.4575

Fidgeting and being restless and physically active doesn't necessarily mean that a child is not able to concentrate, but certainly often goes hand in hand with it

qc43

Is distractible, has trouble sticking to any activity

0.4048

Requires the ability to concentrate and focus attention

qc42

Can’t sit still, is restless

0.4387

These children have difficulties to focus their attention

qc50

Is inattentive

0.4803

These children can't concentrate and selectively focus their attention

qc48^a

Has difficulty awaiting turn in games or groups

0.6657

Awaiting turn requires patience and waiting is different from attention and concentration