Table 3 All identified high-alert medications (n = 872) in the sub-sample of medication error reports (n = 743) were divided into 14 level 2 Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code groups and further into 26 level 3 ATC code groups
ATC group | Medications | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions (B05) | 345 (39.6) | |
IV solutions (B05B) | PN, lipid emulsion, hypertonic dextrose (20% or greater), amino acids | 172 (19.7) |
IV solution additives (B05X) | Hypertonic sodium chloride (> 0.9%), potassium chloridea, potassium phosphatesa, magnesium sulfatea | 170 (19.5) |
Peritoneal dialytics (B05D) | Bicavera® | 2 (0.2) |
Hemodialytics and hemofiltrates (B05Z) | Prismocal® | 1 (0.1) |
Antineoplastic agents (L01) | 139 (15.9) | |
Antimetabolites (L01B) | Cytarabine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine, azacitidine, fludarabine, clofarabine, methotrexate (IV) | 63 (7.2) |
Plant alkaloids and other natural products (L01C) | Vincristine, vinblastine, etoposide | 39 (4.5) |
Cytotoxic antibiotics and related substances (L01D) | Doxorubicin, daunorubicin, dactinomycin, idarubicin | 17 (1.9) |
Other antineoplastic agents (L01X) | Pegaspargase, carboplatin, tretinoin, asparaginase Erwinia, cisplatin | 14 (1.6) |
Alkylating agents (L01A) | Treosulfan, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, temozolomide | 5 (0.6) |
Protein kinase inhibitors (L01E) | Selumetinib | 1 (0.1) |
Analgesics (N02) | 98 (11.2) | |
Opioids (N02A) | Fentanyl (SL), morphine, oxycodone, tramadol | 98 (11.2) |
Antithrombotic agents (B01) | 75 (8.6) | |
Antithrombotic agents (B01A) | Heparin, enoxaparin, warfarin, urokinase, antithrombin | 75 (8.6) |
Cardiac therapy (C01) | 68 (7.9) | |
Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides (C01C) | Dopamine, milrinone, norepinephrine, epinephrine, levosimendan | 65 (7.5) |
Antiarrhythmics, class I and III (C01B) | Amiodarone | 3 (0.3) |
Other cardiac preparations (C01E) | Adenosine | 1 (0.1) |
Anesthetics (N01) | 48 (5.5) | |
Anaesthetics, general (N01A) | Propofol, esketamine, ketamine, thiopental, fentanyl (IV) | 45 (5.2) |
Anaesthetics, local (N01B) | Ropivacaine | 3 (0.3) |
Psycholeptics (N05) | 39 (4.5) | |
Hypnotics and sedatives (N05C) | Midazolam, dexmedetomidine | 25 (2.9) |
Anxiolytics (N05B) | Diazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam | 14 (1.6) |
Drugs used in diabetes (A10) | 32 (3.7) | |
Insulins and analogues (A10A) | Insulin aspart, insulin (human, biosynthetic), insulin detemir, insulin glulisine | 32 (3.7) |
Other therapeutic groups (n = 6) | 27 (3.1) | |
Total | 872 (100.0) | |