Table 4 Bivariate analysis of association between DD and potential predictors

Birth weight

< 2.5 kg

12 (44.4%)

15(55.6%)

2.68 (1.20–5.99)

0.016

≥ 2.5 kg

76 (23.0%)

255 (77.0%)

Ref

Current weight

Normal

84 (23.9%)

267 (76.1%)

Ref

Wasted

4 (57.1%)

3 (42.9%)

4.2 (0.93–19.3)

0.062

Household size

1–3 children

75 (24.7%)

229 (75.3%)

1.03 (0.52–2.03)

0.925

4 and more children

13 (24.1%)

41 (75.9%)

Ref

Mother’s education

Primary/None

43 (23.9%)

137 (76.1%)

Ref

Secondary/University

45 (25.3%)

133 (74.7%)

1.07 (0.66–1.74)

0.76

Mother’s age

≤ 35 years

76 (23.8%)

244 (76.3%)

Ref

> 35 years

12 (31.6%)

26 (68.4%)

1.48 (0.71–3.07)

0.292

Marital status of the mother

Married

60 (22.8%)

203 (77.2%)

Ref

Single

28 (29.5%)

67 (70.5%)

1.41 (0.83–2.39)

0.197

Economic category

0.672

Category I

6 (28.6)

15 (71.4)

1.10 (0.0.40–3.1)

Category II

43 (22.6)

147 (77.4)

0.8 (0.50–1.33)

Category III

39 (26.5)

108 (73.5)

Ref

District of origin

0.022

Nyaraugenge

30 (32.6)

62 (67.4)

2.19 (1.24–3.90)

Gasabo

34 (18.1)

154 (81.9)

Ref

Kicukiro

21 (29.6)

50 (70.4)

0.87 (0.44–1.67)

Out of Kigali

3 (42.9)

4 (57.1)

1.55 (0.32-7.40-)

Medical insurance

0.715

Yes

78 (24.3)

243 (75.7)

Ref

No

10 (27.0)

27 (73.0)

1.2 (0.53–2.49)

Alcohol/smoking

No

75 (23.6%)

243 (76.4%)

Ref

Yes

13 (32.5%)

27 (67.5%)

1.56 (0.76–3.17)

0.22

Gender

Female

46 (26.6%)

127 (73.4%)

1.23 (0.76–1.99)

0.394

Male

42 (22.7%)

143 (77.3%)

Ref

Gestational age at delivery

Term

78 (22.7%)

266 (77.3%)

Ref

Preterm

10 (71.4%)

4 (28.6%)

8.52 (2.6–27.9)

< 0.001

Breastfeeding on the first day

Yes

81 (23.9%)

258 (76.1%)

Ref

No

7 (36.8%)

12 (63.2%)

1.85 (0.71–4.87)

0.208

Admitted in hospital in the first month of life

No

79 (23.9%)

251 (76.1%)

Ref

Yes

19 (32.1%)

19 (67.9%)

1.50 (0.65–3.46)

0.336