Table 2 Logistic regression model identifying factors associated with overweight/obesity among children
From: Factors associated with overweight/obesity of children aged 6–12 years in Indonesia
Unadjusted | P-value | Adjusted | P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||||||
Personal level | |||||||||
Agea | 1.06 | 1.01 | 1.10 | 0.014 | 1.09 | 1.04 | 1.14 | < 0.001 | |
Sex | |||||||||
Boys | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
Girls | 0.89 | 0.75 | 1.06 | 0.191 | 0.94 | 0.79 | 1.13 | 0.537 | |
Child’s FCS | |||||||||
Acceptable | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
Borderline | 0.82 | 0.67 | 0.99 | 0.042 | 0.97 | 0.78 | 1.22 | 0.813 | |
Poor | 0.63 | 0.33 | 1.12 | 0.138 | 1.00 | 0.49 | 1.88 | 0.992 | |
Familial level | |||||||||
Father’s education | |||||||||
No school | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
Primary school | 2.83 | 1.03 | 11.66 | 0.081 | 2.41 | 0.82 | 10.33 | 0.159 | |
Middle school | 3.16 | 1.14 | 13.10 | 0.055 | 2.23 | 0.74 | 9.69 | 0.205 | |
High school | 5.84 | 2.15 | 24.00 | 0.003 | 3.06 | 1.03 | 13.26 | 0.076 | |
Higher education | 8.43 | 3.07 | 34.85 | < 0.001 | 3.45 | 1.12 | 15.17 | 0.054 | |
Mother’s education | |||||||||
No school | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
Primary school | 1.10 | 0.55 | 2.53 | 0.802 | 0.65 | 0.30 | 1.58 | 0.303 | |
Middle school | 1.26 | 0.62 | 2.90 | 0.553 | 0.61 | 0.28 | 1.51 | 0.254 | |
High school | 2.22 | 1.12 | 5.07 | 0.035 | 0.81 | 0.36 | 2.02 | 0.634 | |
Higher education | 2.85 | 1.41 | 6.58 | 0.007 | 0.76 | 0.33 | 1.94 | 0.534 | |
Living with grandparents | |||||||||
No | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
Yes | 1.16 | 0.93 | 1.43 | 0.177 | 1.10 | 0.87 | 1.38 | 0.438 | |
Father’s perception of child’s food consumption | |||||||||
Less than adequate | 0.36 | 0.25 | 0.50 | < 0.001 | 0.56 | 0.38 | 0.80 | 0.002 | |
Just adequate | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
More than adequate | 1.38 | 1.14 | 1.67 | < 0.001 | 1.00 | 0.81 | 1.24 | 0.976 | |
Mother’s perception of child’s food consumption | |||||||||
Less than adequate | 0.40 | 0.27 | 0.58 | < 0.001 | 0.66 | 0.43 | 0.98 | 0.043 | |
Just adequate | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
More than adequate | 1.56 | 1.30 | 1.86 | < 0.001 | 1.17 | 0.96 | 1.43 | 0.128 | |
Father’s FCS | |||||||||
Acceptable | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
Borderline | 0.88 | 0.73 | 1.06 | 0.184 | 0.99 | 0.81 | 1.22 | 0.938 | |
Poor | 0.64 | 0.36 | 1.06 | 0.099 | 1.04 | 0.57 | 1.80 | 0.890 | |
Mother’s FCS | |||||||||
Acceptable | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
Borderline | 0.93 | 0.77 | 1.11 | 0.398 | 1.01 | 0.82 | 1.25 | 0.892 | |
Poor | 0.48 | 0.24 | 0.85 | 0.020 | 0.80 | 0.38 | 1.50 | 0.506 | |
Father’s nutritional status | |||||||||
Underweight | 0.36 | 0.20 | 0.62 | < 0.001 | 0.41 | 0.22 | 0.70 | 0.002 | |
Normal | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
Overweight | 2.38 | 1.97 | 2.87 | < 0.001 | 1.93 | 1.58 | 2.36 | < 0.001 | |
Obesity | 4.09 | 3.01 | 5.53 | < 0.001 | 3.36 | 2.43 | 4.61 | < 0.001 | |
Mother’s nutritional status | |||||||||
Underweight | 1.39 | 0.88 | 2.12 | 0.142 | 1.31 | 0.81 | 2.07 | 0.257 | |
Normal | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
Overweight | 1.24 | 1.02 | 1.50 | 0.032 | 1.15 | 0.94 | 1.41 | 0.180 | |
Obesity | 1.37 | 1.07 | 1.74 | 0.012 | 1.21 | 0.93 | 1.57 | 0.149 | |
Environmental level | |||||||||
Region | |||||||||
Rural | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
Urban | 2.17 | 1.80 | 2.62 | < 0.001 | 1.36 | 1.10 | 1.70 | 0.005 | |
Father’s language | |||||||||
Indonesia | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
Other | 0.54 | 0.43 | 0.69 | < 0.001 | 0.84 | 0.60 | 1.18 | 0.317 | |
Indonesia and other | 0.83 | 0.64 | 1.09 | 0.176 | 0.99 | 0.72 | 1.35 | 0.941 | |
Mother’s language | |||||||||
Indonesia | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
Other | 0.53 | 0.42 | 0.66 | < 0.001 | 0.83 | 0.60 | 1.16 | 0.280 | |
Indonesia and other | 0.64 | 0.49 | 0.83 | <0.001 | 0.75 | 0.54 | 1.03 | 0.074 | |
Ethnicity | |||||||||
Sundanese | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | |||||
Aceh | 6.76 | 0.80 | 57.31 | 0.058 | 5.67 | 0.63 | 52.11 | 0.100 | |
Bali | 1.55 | 0.98 | 2.44 | 0.057 | 1.40 | 0.85 | 2.26 | 0.179 | |
Banjar | 1.68 | 1.01 | 2.73 | 0.040 | 1.70 | 0.99 | 2.88 | 0.051 | |
Batak | 0.73 | 0.43 | 1.20 | 0.226 | 0.70 | 0.40 | 1.19 | 0.198 | |
Betawi | 2.57 | 1.65 | 4.00 | < 0.001 | 1.62 | 1.00 | 2.61 | 0.048 | |
Bima-dompu | 0.27 | 0.06 | 0.75 | 0.029 | 0.41 | 0.10 | 1.21 | 0.156 | |
Bugis | 1.02 | 0.59 | 1.71 | 0.944 | 1.20 | 0.67 | 2.09 | 0.527 | |
Chinese | 10.15 | 1.65 | 78.32 | 0.012 | 9.51 | 1.43 | 79.43 | 0.020 | |
Javanese | 1.64 | 1.21 | 2.26 | 0.001 | 1.60 | 1.16 | 2.24 | 0.004 | |
Komering | 1.04 | 0.16 | 3.90 | 0.958 | 1.36 | 0.20 | 5.37 | 0.696 | |
Maduranese | 1.14 | 0.54 | 2.23 | 0.704 | 1.33 | 0.60 | 2.73 | 0.462 | |
Makasar | 0.80 | 0.36 | 1.62 | 0.560 | 0.85 | 0.37 | 1.79 | 0.682 | |
Melayu | 1.42 | 0.40 | 3.96 | 0.534 | 1.24 | 0.34 | 3.64 | 0.711 | |
Minang | 1.37 | 0.86 | 2.14 | 0.175 | 1.12 | 0.69 | 1.80 | 0.650 | |
Nias | 0.25 | 0.01 | 1.21 | 0.178 | 0.66 | 0.04 | 3.41 | 0.689 | |
Palembang | 1.87 | 0.76 | 4.12 | 0.141 | 1.81 | 0.69 | 4.30 | 0.198 | |
Sasak | 0.59 | 0.31 | 1.06 | 0.090 | 0.63 | 0.32 | 1.17 | 0.161 | |
Sumbawa | 0.34 | 0.02 | 1.67 | 0.294 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 1.86 | 0.321 | |
Other Southern Sumatrans | 0.87 | 0.50 | 1.46 | 0.598 | 1.09 | 0.61 | 1.90 | 0.755 | |
Toraja | 1.27 | 0.29 | 3.96 | 0.712 | 1.14 | 0.25 | 3.83 | 0.850 | |