Predictive models for sepsis in children with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: a retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Risk factors associated with sepsis among children with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections

Variable	n (%)	OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)^a	P value
Preterm birth	8 (8.5)	1.8 (0.4–7.6)	0.44	1.5 (0.3–6.8)	0.58
Hospitalization within the past 6 months	52 (55.3)	0.5 (0.2–1.3)	0.15	0.5 (0.2–1.2)	0.12
Surgery within the past 2 weeks	25 (26.6)	1.5 (0.6–3.7)	0.42	1.4 (0.6–3.7)	0.45
Venous catheter	35 (37.2)	9.5 (3.6–25.1)	< 0.01	10.4 (3.8–28.4)	< 0.01
Hospital-acquired infection	43 (45.7)	3.1 (1.3–7.3)	0.01	3.0 (1.3–7.2)	0.01
MRSA	42 (44.7)	1.3 (0.6–3.0)	0.56	1.2 (0.5–2.8)	0.70
Prophylactic antibiotics	59 (62.8)	1.5 (0.6–3.6)	0.37	1.8 (0.7–4.5)	0.22
Underlying diseases
None	48 (51.1)	1.0 (reference)		1.0 (reference)
Congenital heart disease	16 (17.0)	7.5 (2.1–26.9)	< 0.01	7.0 (1.8–27.1)	< 0.01
Gastrointestinal malformation	12 (12.8)	11.7 (2.8–49.6)	< 0.01	14.0 (2.9–66.7)	< 0.01
Cancer	16 (17.0)	9.8 (2.7–35.5)	< 0.01	11.1 (2.9–42.0)	< 0.01
Other	2 (2.1)	5.9 (0.3–104.9)	0.23	7.9 (0.4–151.0)	0.17
Source of bloodstream infections
Skin and soft tissue infection	39 (41.5)	1.0 (reference)		1.0 (reference)
Primary bacteremia	15 (16.0)	1.1 (0.3–3.6)	0.92	1.0 (0.3–3.6)	0.94
Pneumonia	19 (20.2)	2.2 (0.7–6.7)	0.17	2.5 (0.7–8.4)	0.26
Osteomyelitis	12 (12.8)	0.1 (0.0–1.2)	0.08	0.1 (0.0–1.1)	0.06
Others	9 (9.6)	0.5 (0.1–2.5)	0.37	0.5 (0.1–2.7)	0.42
PCT (ng/mL) ^b
< 0.2	19 (26.0)	1.0 (reference)		1.0 (reference)
0.2–1.7	34 (46.6)	6.7 (1.3–33.7)	0.02	6.5 (1.3–32.9)	0.02
≥ 1.7	20 (27.4)	15.8 (2.8–89.0)	< 0.01	15.4 (2.7–87.1)	< 0.01

^aAdjusted for age and sex; ^bPCT level was grouped according to the IQR.
CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; OR, odds ratio; PCT, procalcitonin

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