Effectiveness of different bathing methods on physiological indexes and behavioral status of preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Summary of meta-analysis results

Outcomes	Number of included studies	Heterogeneity test		Effect model	Meta-analysis results		P-value
Outcomes	Number of included studies	I²	P-value	Effect model	MD/SMD	95%CI	P-value
Body temperature(℃/℉)
Sponge bath VS Conventional tub bath	3	0	0.68	Fixed	-0.34	-0.56 ~ -0.12	0.003
Swaddle bath VS Conventional tub bath	5	88%	< 0.01	Random	0.18	0.05 ~ 0.30	0.006
Respiratory Rate(per min)
Sponge bath VS Conventional tub bath	2	0	0.58	Fixed	1.23	-0.08 ~ 2.53	0.06
Swaddle bath VS Conventional tub bath	3	0	0.68	Fixed	-2.73	-3.43 ~ -2.03	< 0.001
Blood oxygen saturation (%)
Sponge bath VS Conventional tub bath	2	39%	0.2	Fixed	-0.39	-0.76 ~ -0.02	0.04
Swaddle bath VS Conventional tub bath	4	86%	< 0.01	Random	1.11	0.07 ~ 2.16	0.04
Heart rate (per min)
Sponge bath VS Conventional tub bath	2	61%	0.11	Random	5.90	0.44 ~ 11.35	0.03
Swaddle bath VS Conventional tub bath	4	78%	< 0.01	Random	-5.65	-11.50 ~ 0.21	0.06
Crying duration (s /%)
Swaddle bath VS Conventional tub bath	6	91%	< 0.01	Random	-1.64	-2.47 ~ -0.82	< 0.001
Stress Score
Swaddle bath VS Conventional tub bath	2	0	0.73	Fixed	-2.34	-2.78 ~ -1.91	< 0.001
Pain Score
Swaddle bath VS Conventional tub bath	2	49%	0.16	Fixed	-1.01	-1.40 ~ -0.62	< 0.001

ISSN: 1471-2431