Table 1 Comparison of general data of each group

Gender (male/female) (n)

11/187

14/191

Age (years)

8.76 ± 1.87

8.69 ± 1.93

Child height (cm)

134.38 ± 23.39

129.76 ± 26.56

Body mass index (kg/m²)

17.56 ± 2.13

17.28 ± 2.09

Birth status

Birth weight (g)

3286.39 ± 129.18

3291.28 ± 135.98

Birth gestational age (W)

38.85 ± 2.29

38.91 ± 2.48

Birth order (times)

1.43 ± 0.32

1.37 ± 0.36

Parity (times)

1.17 ± 0.28

1.16 ± 0.36

Birth mode (n)

Natural labor

85

83

Cesarean section

113

122

Bone age (years)

10.38 ± 2.31

7.65 ± 2.18

Daily exercise time

0.81 ± 0.12

1.32 ± 0.32

Serum factor

E2 (pmol/L)

66.39 ± 13.27

28.28 ± 3.29

FSH (U/L)

6.01 ± 1.28

2.45 ± 0.76

LH (U/L)

3.56 ± 0.67

1.12 ± 0.31

Leptin (µg/L)

8.13 ± 1.34

3.07 ± 1.01

Use of adult skin care/cosmetics (n)

12

9

Father’s height (cm)

173.29 ± 13.29

172.98 ± 12.31

Mother’s height (cm)

160.45 ± 12.13

162.32 ± 11.23

Mother’s menarche time (n, < 12 years old)

67

11

Maternal birth age (n, years)

26.33 ± 5.73

27.41 ± 5.69

Parents with college education or above (n, both of them)

27

41

Living environment (n, chemical industry zone)

28

4

Consumption of nutritional supplements (n, often)

127

32

Consumption of food containing pigments and preservatives (n, often)

118

41

Consumption of high-fat foods (n, often)

135

38

Sleep time (h)

9.03 ± 1.57

11.08 ± 1.34