Table 1 Maternal characteristics by intervention group (n = 178)

Care context

 NICU Site, % (n)

0.21

  Site A

37% (33)

48% (43)

  Site B

18% (16)

19% (17)

  Site C

45% (40)

33% (29)

 NICU stay during COVID-19 pandemic, % (n)

0% (0)

21% (19)

< 0.001

 Mean miles from family home to hospital

55 (77)

50 (72)

0.66

 Mean area deprivation index (ADI) of family home

41 (31)

34 (30)

0.16

Maternal demographics

 Mean age, years

29.8 (6.9)

31.7 (6.7)

0.07

 Race/ethnicity, % (n)

0.29

  Asian

20% (18)

17% (15)

  Black

13% (12)

14% (12)

  Hispanic/Latina

37% (33)

34% (30)

  White

27% (24)

25% (22)

  Other

2% (2)

10% (9)

 Post-secondary education, % (n)

76% (68)

81% (71)

0.49

 Employed, % (n)

61% (54)

65% (57)

0.57

 Primary language other than English, % (n)

24% (21)

20% (18)

0.61

 Born outside the United States

20% (18)

23% (20)

0.71

Maternal NICU experience measures

 Stress (PSS:NICU score) at enrollment (median 2.5 weeks after NICU admission)

(n = 87)

(n = 85)

  Mean (SD)

2.3 (0.8)

2.3 (0.7)

0.87

 Perception of family-centered care at discharge

(n = 84)

(n = 82)

  Mean (SD)

6.3 (0.9)

6.3 (0.8)

0.83

Maternal mental health measures

 PTSD (PPQ score) after discharge

(n = 88)

(n = 86)

  Mean (SD)

10.4 (10.8)

10.6 (9.3)

0.90

  % (n) ≥ 19

18% (16)

17% (15)

0.90

 Depression (EPDS score) after discharge

(n = 89)

(n = 89)

  Mean (SD)

6.0 (5.5)

6.0 (4.4)

0.98

  % (n) ≥ 10

21% (19)

20% (18)

0.85

 Both PTSD and depression symptoms

(n = 88)

(n = 86)

0.47

  % (n) with PPQ ≥ 19 and EPDS ≥ 10

11% (10)

8% (7)