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Table 1 Reported neurological manifestations in LRBA deficiency

From: Central nervous system manifestations of LRBA deficiency: case report of two siblings and literature review

Manifestation

Ethnicity

Age of onset of LRBA deficiency symptoms

Age of neurological manifestation

Consanguinity

Sex

Ref

Ref. patient

Also referenced as

Neuroinflammatory disease of the CNS

 Cerebral granuloma with strabismus and hemiplegia

Arabian

1y

Young adult (± 20y)

Yes

M

[2]

P1

[1] (P1)

 Cerebral granuloma with seizuresa

Sicilian

12y

26y

Yes

M

[2]

P3

[1] (P3)

 Cerebral granuloma-like lesion with unilateral optic nerve demyelination and atrophyb

Iranian

5y

12y

Yes

F

[1]

P31

[17] (P9), [13] (P2)

 Cerebral granuloma-like lesions (multiple frontal)

-

7y

19y

-

M

[18]

P6

-

 Parietal lobe lesion with seizures

Lebanese

3y

4y

Yes

F

[1]

P29

-

 Multiple scattered focal bilateral T2/FLAIR hyperintense lesions in cortex and white matter

Caucasian

3y

6y

No

F

[19]

Index patient

-

 Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy

Turkish

6 m

13y

Yes

F

[20]

Index patient

[11] (P1), [1] (P14)

 Optic nerve atrophy, unilateral

Iranian

2y

5y

Yes

M

[1]

P28

[17] (P7)

 MS (Optic neuritis and enhancing plaque on the corpus callosum)

-

1y

-

Yes

F

[17]

P12

[15] (N2)

 Optic neuritis with demyelinating disease and multiple plaques in the brain

-

3.5y

 > 17y

Yes

M

[16]

P12

-

 Facial nerve palsy (unilateral, right-sided)

Turkish

7y

13y

Yes

M

[21]

Index patient

[22] (P1), [14] (P18)

 ADEM

14y

 LETM

Italian

6 m

5y

No

F

[10]

Index patient

-

Seizures

        

 Seizures, no further details nor CNS imaging

-

6 m

-

Yes

M

[18]

P9

-

 Seizures, no further details nor CNS imaging

Egyptian

6y

-

-

M

[23]

P10

-

 Seizures, no further details nor CNS imaging

Egyptian

4 m

-

-

M

[23]

P11

-

 Seizures, no further details nor CNS imaging

Egyptian

9 m

-

Yes

M

[12]

P6

-

Neuromuscular disease

 Demyelinating polyneuropathy

Turkish

6 m

13y

Yes

F

[20]

Index patient

[11] (P1), [1] (P14)

 Myasthenia gravis

Iranian

2y

17y?

Yes

F

[2]

P5

[24] (P3), [1] (P5), [17] (P16), [15] (N15)

Hearing loss

 Sensorineural hearing loss

Sicilian

12y

26y

Yes

M

[2]

P3

[1] (P3), [25] (P1)

 Sensorineural hearing loss

Caucasian (German)

4y

11y

No

F

[9]

P1 (105–1)

[25] (P2)

 Sensorineural hearing loss

Egyptian

9 m

-

 

M

[23]

P6

-

 Sensorineural hearing loss

-

12y

-

-

F

[18]

P4

-

Cerebrovascular disease

 Cerebral hemorrhage due to ITP

Turkish

7w

4y

No

M

[12]

P1

-

 Cerebral hemorrhage due to ITP

Asian (Japan)

9y

15y

No

M

[9]

P11 (553–2)

-

 Cerebral hemorrhage due to ITP

Turkish

Neonatal

4y

No

M

[11]

P3

-

 Multiple cerebral infarctions

Egyptian

9 m

-

Yes

M

[12]

P6

-

Intracranial hypertension

 Pseudotumor cerebri

-

13y

-

Yes

F

[26]

P14

-

  1. Abbreviations used: ADEM Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, CNS Central Nervous System, Female, ITP Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura, LETM Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis, months, Male, MS Multiple Sclerosis, weeks, years
  2. aOn biopsy: granulomatous infiltration with T cells, plasma cells, and macrophages but low B cell numbers.
  3. bOn biopsy: mixed (non-malignant) lymphohistiocytic infiltrates and poorly formed granulomas, with predominantly CD3 + lymphocytes