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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of pediatric cases infected with Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants

From: Clinical and laboratory features of SARS-CoV-2 variants across multiple rounds of pandemic waves in hospitalized children in an Iranian referral hospital

Characteristics

Variant

P value

Alpha (N = 5)

n, n/N (%)

Delta (N = 53)

n, n/N (%)

Omicron (N = 29)

n, n/N (%)

Total (N = 87)

n, n/N (%)

Sex

Male

2 (40)

35 (66)

8 (80)

45 (66.2)

0.303

Female

3 (60)

18 (34)

2 (20%)

23 (33.8)

Remdesivir

1/5 (20)

11/53 (20.8)

2/29 (6.9)

14/87 (16.1)

0.256

ICU admission

1/5 (20)

8/53 (15.1)

1/29 (3.4)

10/87 (11.5%)

0.237

MIS-C

1/5 (20)

5/53 (9.4)

2/29 (6.9)

8/87 (9.2)

0.642

Underlying disorders

2/5 (40)

18/53 (34)

8/29 (27.6)

28/87 (32.2)*

0.780

Severity of COVID-19

1/5 (20)

19/53 (35.8)

2/29 (6.9)

22/87 (25.3)

0.015

The need for respiratory support**

1/5 (20)

2/53 (3.8)

1/29 (3.4)

4/87 (4.3)

0.238

Invasive airway intubation

1/5 (20)

0/53 (0)

1/29 (3.4)

2/87 (2.3)

0.015

Death

0/5 (0)

1/53 (1.9)

1/29 (3.4)

2/87 (2.3)

0.849

Family history of COVID-19

2/5 (40)

41/53 (77.4)

17/29 (58.6)

60/87 (69)

0.076

Signs and symptoms

     

Fever

3/5 (60)

47/52 (90.4)

23/28 (82.1)

73/85 (85.9)

0.138

Cough

1/5 (20)

29/51 (56.9)

10/28 (35.7)

40/84 (47.6)

0.088

Sore throat

0/5 (0)

2/51 (3.9)

0/28 (0)

2/84 (2.4)

0.515

Conjunctivitis

0/5 (0)

2/53 (3.8)

1/28 (3.6)

3/86 (3.5)

0.908

Tachypnea

1/5 (20)

13/53 (24.5)

4/28 (14.3)

18/86 (20.9)

0.559

Chest pain

0/5 (0)

4/53 (7.5)

2/28 (7.1)

6/86 (7)

0.818

Rhinorrhea

0/5 (0)

11/53 (20.8)

3/28 (10.7)

14/86 (16.3)

0.303

Vomiting

2/5 (40)

11/53 (20.8)

9/28 (32.1)

22/86 (25.6)

0.401

Headache

0/5 (0)

3/52 (5.8)

3/28 (10.7)

6/85 (7.1)

0.582

Abdominal pain

1/5 (20)

3/53 (5.7)

0/28 (0)

4/86 (4.7)

0.126

Diarrhea

2/5 (40)

3/53 (5.7)

5/28 (17.9)

10/86 (11.6)

0.033

Respiratory distress

1/3 (33.3)

15/53 (28.3)

2/28 (7.1)

18/85 (21.1)

< 0.0001

Myalgia

0/4 (0)

4/53 (7.5)

0/28 (0)

4/85 (4.7)

0.001

Rash

1/5 (20)

1/53 (1.9)

1/28 (3.6)

3/86 (3.5)

0.108

Seizure

2/5 (40)

4/53 (7.5)

7/27 (25.9)

13/85 (15.3)

0.028

  1. ICU = Intensive care unit
  2. MIS-C = Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
  3. *Underlying conditions including cardiovascular diseases (n = 9), cerebral palsy (n = 3), esophageal atresia (n = 2); and hydrocephalus, autoimmune encephalitis, autoimmune hepatitis, talasemia major, inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis, acute lymphocytic leukemia, asthma, cirrhosis, seizure, diabetes, brain tumor, neurodevelopmental disorder, Glanzmann thrombasthenia (n = 1)
  4. ** including noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation,
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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