Table 2 Bidirectional cross-lagged (2-years) relationships between parenting practices and children’s BMI z-scores from a structural equation model

Lagged effect of parenting practices on zBMI

zBMI at age 8

B (SE)

zBMI at age 10

B (SE)

zBMI at age 12

B (SE)

Disciplinarian

-0.005 (0.030)

p = 0.86

-0.055 (0.022)

p = 0.01

-0.015 (0.018)

p = 0.39

Lenient

0.066 (0.033)

p = 0.05

0.039 (0.022)

p = 0.09

-0.020 (0.017)

p = 0.25

Responsive

0.024 (0.031)

p = 0.44

0.056 (0.022)

p = 0.01

0.001 (0.017)

p = 0.96

Lagged effect of zBMI on parenting practices

Disciplinarian two years later

B (SE)

Lenient two years later

B (SE)

Responsive two years later

B (SE)

zBMI at age 6

0.020 (0.020)

p = 0.32

-0.008 (0.020)

p = 0.68

0.034 (0.019)

p = 0.06

zBMI at age 8

0.025 (0.017)

p = 0.13

-0.002 (0.019)

p = 0.92

-0.016 (0.016)

p = 0.34

zBMI at age 10

-0.011 (0.018)

p = 0.54

0.029 (0.019)

p = 0.13

0.010 (0.018)

p = 0.56