Table 1 Age difference analysis of each index

Sex (male)

139 (58.9%)^a

113 (49.3%)^b

105 (48.1%)^b

0.04*

 Spring

49 (20.76%)

50 (21.83%)

55 (25.23%)

0.318

 Summer

54 (22.88%)

65 (28.38%)

50 (22.94%)

 Autumn

70 (29.66%)

53 (23.14%)

47 (21.56%)

 Winter

63 (26.69%)

61 (26.64%)

66 (30.28%)

Family history positivity

48 (20.34%)

41 (17.90%)

41 (18.81%)

0.795

DKA positivity

167 (70.76%)^a

134 (58.52%)^b

129 (59.17%)^b

0.009*

 Mild

64 (38.32%)

64 (47.76%)

60 (46.51%)

0.195

 Moderate and severe

103 (61.68%)

70 (52.24%)

69 (53.49%)

Term infant

223 (94.5%)^a

194 (84.7%)^b

127 (58.3%)^c

< 0.001*

Breast milk before 6 months

190 (80.5%)

176 (76.9%)

163 (74.8%)

0.332

HbA1c (%)

11.19 (2.44)^a

12.36 (2.47)^b

12.24 (3.09)^b

< 0.001*

C-peptide (nmol/L)

0.31 (0.14,0.42)^a

0.52 (0.24,0.46)^b

0.74 (0.28,0.75)^b

< 0.001*

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

23.43 (6.61)^a

22.94 (7.37)^a

20.36 (7.21)^b

< 0.001*

25OHD (ng/ml)

20.73 (9.54)^a

17.79 (7.19)^b

17.08 (6.55)^b

< 0.001*

Hospital length of stay (days)

15.88 (6.55)^a

14.32 (6.07)^b

11.60 (5.45)^c

< 0.001*

Disease course (days)

5 (0,15.5)

5 (0,15)

4.5 (0,12)

0.922

Cost (China Yuan)

7481.52 (6166.42,10,495.78)^a

6819.28 (5304,8492.66)^b

6226.4 (4298.39,8570.15)^b

< 0.001*

Polydipsia

206 (87.29%)^a

192 (83.84%)^a

155 (71.10%)^b

0.002*

Polyuria

191 (80.93%)^a

179 (78.17%)^a

124 (56.88%)^b

< 0.001*

Weight loss

56 (23.73%)^a

93 (40.61%)^b

76 (34.86%)^b

< 0.001*

Delayed diagnosis

83 (35.2%)^a

50 (21.8%)^b

41 (18.8%)^b

< 0.001*

ICA positivity

2 (0.8%)^a

12 (5.2%)^b

14 (6.4%)^b

< 0.001*

IAA positivity

42 (17.8%)^a

26 (11.3%)^b

96 (44%)^c

< 0.001*

GADA positivity

140 (59.3%)^a

138 (60.2%)^a

68 (31.1%)^b

< 0.001*